World leaders arrived Friday for a historic first Group of 20 summit in Africa that aims to put the problems of poor countries at the top of the global agenda.
The weekend summit in Johannesburg will be attended by delegations from 18 of the world's richest and top developing economies — minus the US.
The boycott by US was ordered by President Donald Trump over his widely discredited claims that majority-Black South Africa is persecuting its white Afrikaner minority.
The host nation wants to focus world leaders' attention on issues like the impact of climate change on the developing world, debt burdens for poor countries and widening global inequality.
Months-long diplomatic tensions between the US, which takes over the G20 presidency after the summit, and South Africa worsened this week when South African officials said Washington was trying to pressure it to not issue a leaders' declaration at the end of the summit in the absence of an American delegation.
‘Won’t be bullied’
South African President Cyril Ramaphosa responded: "We will not be bullied. We will not agree to be bullied.”
A leaders' declaration is the traditional climax of G20 summits and details any broad agreement reached by the members, though it's not a binding document.
The bloc has often struggled to put words into action due to the different priorities of members like the US, China, Russia, India and countries in Western Europe.
The G20 has expanded to 21 members, 19 nations plus the European Union and African Union, and is meant to bring rich and poor countries together to tackle problems, especially around the global economy.
Leaders of the United Nations, the World Bank and other international institutions also traditionally attend the summits as guests and UN Secretary-General António Guterres will be in Johannesburg.
The US boycott of this G20 is viewed as an example of Trump's criticism of multinational organizations, having pulled the US out of the Paris climate agreement and the World Health Organization.
Find common ground
But other leaders have traveled to Africa's most developed economy hoping to find common ground, especially around new trade deals in the wake of US tariffs.
“The African states are searching for partnerships," German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said, "and so I will go to Johannesburg in any case and hold talks there. ... I expect that we will return to Germany with good results.”
G20 members together represent around 85% of the world's economy, 75% of international trade and more than half the global population.
“The G20 is such an important gathering, it's the most important gathering for which Australia is a member,” said Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, who said he'd planned bilateral meetings with leaders of the EU, India and Germany on the sidelines of the Johannesburg summit.
Albanese noted one in four jobs in Australia depended on trade with partners like those in the G20.
The EU announced a new critical minerals agreement with South Africa in Johannesburg this week and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said the G20 was an opportunity to “double down” on their partnership.
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer would announce a new commercial deal for a British rail company to assist South Africa with the reform of its rail network, the UK government said.
“Working with international partners to deliver jobs and opportunity at home is a one-way ticket to growth," Starmer said.
China's Xi Jinping and Russia’s Vladimir Putin won't be in Johannesburg but the two countries will still send government delegations, leaving the US as the only one of the 19 countries in the G20 not represented.
Ramaphosa, who will chair the summit, put the US boycott more bluntly: "Their absence is their loss,” he said.
