Haƙar zinari ta haramtacciyar hanya na ta'azzara rikici a Nijeriya, in ji mazauna karkara da masana

Wawason zinarin da ake haƙowa a haramtattun wurare a Nijeriya na ta’azzara tarzomar ‘yanbindiga a wasu yankunan ƙasar, a cewar jami’an gwamnati, rahotannin masana, da mazauna yankin.

Mazauna karkara da masu sharhi sun ce 'yanfashin-daji da ke ta’asa a yankunan arewa maso yamma da tsakiyar ƙasar kan nemi masu haƙar ma'adanai biyan haraji, ko kuma su tilasta musu yin raba daidai kan abin da suka haƙo don ba su damar aiki a wuraren haƙar.

A wasu lokuta, ƙungiyoyin suna tallafa wa harkokin haƙar da aka haramta kai-tsaye, har suna korar al'ummomin da ke zaune a yankin da ke maƙare da ma'adanai.

“Mutane galibi suna yin zanga-zanga sannan masu haƙar sukan mayar da martani ta hanyar kai hare-haren kisa don ƙwace yankin,” in ji Mamman Alassan, mazaunin gundumar Shiroro a jihar Neja da ke arewa maso yamma, wanda ya gudu daga ƙauyensa shekaru uku da suka wuce bayan fama da farmaki.

Alassan ya shaida wa kamfanin dillancin labarai na AFP cewa daga bisani ya koma zama a garin Minna saboda hare-haren.

Shiroro da kewayensa ba wai suna da zinari kaɗai ba ne, suna kuma ɗauke da wasu muhimman ma'adanai kamar tantalite, tagulla da lithium, wanɗanda ake buƙata sosai a masana'antar motocin lantarki da fasahohin makamashi mai tsafta.

Kuɗaɗen shiga daga laifuka

Majiyoyin leƙen-asiri sun shaida wa kamfanin labarai na AFP cewa hada-hadar kuɗi da ta jiɓinci ayyukan laifi a haƙar ma'adanai ya zurfafa har ma kamfanonin haƙar da suka samu lasisi ana tilasta musu biyan kuaɗaɗe ƙungiyoyi masu makamai domin samun damar zuwa wuraren haƙar.

"Zinari ya zama wata muhimmiyar hanyar samun kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyin 'yanfashi masu makamai a arewa maso yamma tun shekarar 2023," in ji Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime a rahotonta na watan Oktoba.

Jihohin arewa maso yamma da na tsakiyar Nijeriya sun yi fama da hare-hare tsawon shekaru daga ƙungiyoyi masu ɗauke da makamai da a yankin ake kira "‘yanfashin-daji," waɗanda ke kai hare-hare kan ƙauyuka, sata da ƙona gidaje, tare da sace mazauna don neman kuɗin fansa.

Ko da yake tarzomar a farko ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikice tsakanin makiyaya da manoma kan raguwar filayen kiwo da wuraren shan ruwan, matsalolin sun ƙazanta sakamakon sauyin yanayi, inda a yanzu ta koma tsarin shiryayyen laifi.

Wannan canjin ya zo ne a daidai lokacin da farashin zinari a duniya ya tashi, inda a 'yan makonnin baya ya kai sama da dala 4,300 duk oza, abin da ya sa harkar haƙar haramtattun ma’adanai ta samu tagomashi.

Nijeriya, wadda aka fi saninta da fifiko a harkar samar da mai a Afirka, tana kuma da manyan ajiyayyiyar taskar zinari da ake ƙiyasta ya kai kusan oza 754,000 (tan 21.37), wanda darajarsu ta kai kusan dala biliyan 1.4.

Hakan na nufin kusan kashi 0.5 na yawan samar da shi a duniya, a cewar rahoton Masana'antar Hakar Zinariya na 2023.

Satar ɗalibai

Guguwar sace mutane ta baya-bayan nan, ciki har da garkuwa da ɗaruruwan ɗalibai, ya sake jawo hankalin duniya kan rashin tsaro.

Jami'ai na cewa harkokin haƙar ma’adanai ta haramtacciyar hanya tana taka babbar rawa wajen cigaban tarzomar.

Masu aikin-hannu na yankin suna haƙo zinari don samun abin dogaro, abin da ke janyo masu neman ma'adanai daga ƙasashen maƙwabta, in ji jami'ai ciki har da gwamnan Jihar Kebbi Nasir Idris.

Amma kasuwancin ya samu alaƙa mai zurfi da ayyukan laifi na ƙasa-da-ƙasa.

Shugaban yaƙi da ta'addanci na Nijeriya, Manjo Janar Adamu Garba, ya ce harkokin haƙar ma’adanai ta haramtacciyar hanya "sun haɗa da fashin daji, tarzoma, safarar makamai, da fasa-ƙwauri a kan iyaka."

A cikin yanayin ƙaruwar sace-sace da kisan-kai, gwamnonin da shugabannin gargajiya daga jihohi 19 na arewa sun bayyana haƙar ma’adani ta haramtacciyar hanya a matsayin "babban abin da ke kawo matsalolin tsaro," suna kiran da a dakatar da ayyukan haƙar na tsawon watanni shida don tsabtace harkar.

Duk da haka, Ƙungiyar Mahaƙa Ma'adinai ta Nijeriya ta yi gargaɗi kan dokar hanawa gabadaya, tana cewa hakan zai kawo tsaiko ga hanyoyin samun abin dogaro, tare da "zurfafa talauci da ƙara rashin tsaro."

Wasu jihohi sun riga sun ɗauki matakan ƙashin-kansu. A watan Oktoba, gwamnan Jihar Neja, Umaru Bago ya sanar da saka haramcin haƙar ma'adanai na har-abada, kuma ya shirya ɗaukar sojojin sa-kai guda 10,000 waɗanda gwamnati za ta tallafawa domin kare al'ummomin karkara.

A matakin tarayya, haramcin haƙar ma'adanai na shekaru biyar da aka ƙaƙaba wa Jihar Zamfara a 2019 an soke shi a watan Janairu, inda hukumomi suka ce an samu "ingantaccen tsaro."