Ruwan ya yi haske sosai a cikin hasken rana a Mombasa, cikakkiyar mafaka daga zafin birnin na bakin teku.

Fatima*, uwa ce mai 'ya'ya uku kuma malamar wata makarantar firamare ta yankin, ta kawo ɗalibanta zuwa wurin wanka na al'umma don al’amari na musamman- sakamakon ƙoƙarin da suka yi a jarrabawa.

Dariya ta yi ta yawo daga bango zuwa bango yayin da yara ke zubar da ruwa suna wasa. Amma nan take, farin cikin ya narke ya zama abin tsoro. Fatima ta lura da ƙaramin hannu yana motsawa kusa da waje mai zurfi, sannan babu komai. Ta duba ruwan, zuciyarta tana bugawa, sai ta ga wani ƙaramin jiki mai natsuwa yana nutsewa a ƙarƙashin ruwan. Ta yi ihu, ta shiga ruwan da kayan jikinta, amma lokacin da ta ciro yarinyar 'yar shekara shida daga ruwan, idanunta sun rufe.

Yarinyar, wadda sunanta Amina, ba ta sake motsi ba. An makara wajen ceto rayuwarta, masu kallo suka tsaya cikin sanyin gwiwa, Fatima kuma ta dafe ƙirjinta, tana kuka. A wannan rana, tafkin ya zama ƙabari, kuma duniyar Fatima ta rabu zuwa jiya da yau.

"Har yanzu ina jin shirun da ya biyo baya," ta faɗa wa TRT Afrika, muryarta ba ta wuce raɗa ba. "Amina tana ƙarƙashin kulawata, kuma ban iya cetonta ba. Ina sake maimaita hakan kowane dare."

‘Mai kisan mummuƙe’

Labarin Fatima ba na musamman ba ne. A faɗin Afirka, inda ruwa yake tushen rayuwa da nishaɗi, yana iya zama tushen bala'i da ba a zata ba.

Girman matsalar yana da ban mamaki. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kiyasta cewa kusan mutane 300,000 ne ke mutuwa sakamakon nutsewa a ruwa a faɗin duniya kowace shekara, inda sama da kashi 90% na waɗannan mace-mace ke faruwa a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi da matsakaitan kuɗi.

Yankin Afirka yana ɗauke da mafi yawan adadin, wanda ya fi yawan adadin mace-mace fiye da kowane yanki na WHO, inda aka kiyasta mutane 66,000 ne ke nutsewa kowace shekara. Waɗannan ba ƙididdiga ba ne kawai; 'ya'ya mata, maza, da ɗalibai kamar ƙaramar yarinya Amina.

Ana jin irin wannan raɗaɗi a ƙasashe irin su Ghana, inda aka kiyasta mutane 1,100 na mutuwa a kowace shekara sakamakon nutsewa a ruwa - kenan ana ras arayuka uku kowace rana.

A Uganda, alkaluman da ba na hukuma ba na cewa nutsewa a ruwa na ɗaukar rayuka 2,000 a shekara, inda yara ƙanana da matsa ke mutuwa.

Afirka ta Kudu ma ta rawaito mutuwar sama da mutane 1,500 a ruwa a shekara, inda mafi yawa ke afkuwa a hanyoyin ruwa manya na cikin gida da wuraren ninƙaya.

Bala’i ne da ke faruwa ba tare da an lura da shi ba. Kamar yadda mataimakin daraktan ‘yan kwana-kwana a Ghana ya bayyana, nutsewa a ruwa “Na yin kisa a sirrance”.

Hatsarin sauyin yanayi

Hatsarin na da fuskoki da dama.

Mace-mace da yawa na faruwa a wurare na yau da kullum kamar koguna, tafkuna, rijiyoyi, kwantenonin ajiyar ruwa na gida, kuma, kamar yadda Fatima ta gano cikin baƙin ciki, har da wuraren wanka ma.

Yayin da al’amura irin su ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa ke ƙaruwa akai-akai, hatsarin nutsewa a ruwa na ƙaruwa sosai. Bincike ya nuna alaƙa bayyananniya tsakanin tsananin zafi da nutsewa a ruwa, inda wani bincike daga Birtaniya ya nuna cewa mutuwa sakamakon nutsewa a ruwa na ƙaruwa da kashi 7.2% ga kowane ƙaruwar zafin jiki na 1°C.

Hatsarin kuma yana ninkawa kusan sau biyar a ranakun da yanayin zafi ya wuce daraja 25°C idan aka kwatanta da kwanakin ƙasa da 10°C.

Asarar da ɗan’adam ke yi ta wuce ta abin da ya faru sau ɗaya, tana haifar da tasirin tuna mai ya faru. Misali, 'yarjarida Canary Mugume, yayin da take rubuta ibtila’in nutsewa a Uganda, ta haɗu da Sophia Byogero, wata uwa da ke zaune kusa da tafkin. Labarinta yana ɗaya daga cikin mummunan rashi: ta rasa ɗa ɗaya sakamakon nutsewa a ruwa yayin da take ƙoƙarin kai su asibiti a cikin kwale-kwale da daddare. Shekara guda bayan haka, ta ji tsoron ruwa, ta kasa kai wani yaro asibiti don samun taimakon likita, wanda daga baya ya mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya.

"Muna rubuta baƙin ciki, fidda rai da kuma zaɓen da ba dole ba ne wani ɗan’adam ya yi," in ji Mugume. Wannan ya nuna raunukan da ba a gani da nutsewa a ruwa ke bari ga iyalai da al'ummomi, wani mummunan rauni kamar rashi na zahiri.

Ruwa masu tsaro

Da take bayyana girman wannan bala'in da za a iya hana afkuwar sa, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ƙaddamar da wani sabon shiri na fasaha don taimakawa gwamnatoci da al'ummomi aiwatar da matakai bakwai da aka tabbatar don rage mace-macen nutsewa a ruwa. An buɗe shirin kafin Ranar Rigakafin Nutsewa ta Duniya a ranar 25 ga Yuli, an gina shi ne bisa ga kalmar "PRECT", wanda ke ba da jagoranci mai amfani, da ya dogara kan me aka gani

Dabarun bakwai sune:

·        Kayayyakin more rayuwa waɗanda ke haɓaka hulɗa mai aminci da ruwa.

·        Ƙarfin ceto da farfaɗowa ga masu kallo da ƙwararrun masu ba da agaji.

·        Samar da cikakkun kayan aiki a kusa da ruwa.

·        Ka'idojin aminci na sufuri** don tafiye-tafiye a kan ruwa.

·        Ilimi a kan koyon ninƙaya da amincin ruwa.

·        Tsarin kula da yara da tabbatar da kariya.

·        Samar da shirye-shiryen barazana ga ambaliyar ruwa da sauran al’amuran gaggawa masu hatsari.

"Kowace nutsewa a ruwa bala'i ce, kuma yawancin ana iya hana afkuwar ta," in ji Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Darakta Janar na WHO. "Dabaru guda bakwai na KARIYA suna bai wa ƙasashe hanyoyin da suka dace, waɗanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da aka gani don hana waɗannan bala'o'i afkuwa, ciki har da safarar cikin ruwa mai aminci, koyar da yara 'yan makaranta ninƙaya, da kuma shirya wa ambaliyar ruwa. Rigakafin nutsewa ba aikin ma'aikata ɗaya ba ne; na kowa ne, kuma rayukan da take ceto su ne ladan."

An ƙaddamar da shirin kare muhalli a Ghana, wanda ya bayyana yadda ƙasar ke ƙara himma wajen magance wannan matsala. Wannan ya dogara ne akan ƙoƙarin da aka yi kwanan nan na kafa Hukumar Haɗa Kai ta Ƙasa kan Rigakafin Nutsewa a Ghana, wanda ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwar hukumomin kashe gobara, 'yan sanda, hukumomin ruwa, da jami'o'i tare da manufa ɗaya don tabbatar da tsaron ruwan ƙasar.

Waɗannan ƙoƙarin sun yi daidai da haɗin gwiwar Bloomberg Philanthropies da WHO kan riga-kafin nutsewa.

"Wannan tsarin zai ceci rayuka yayin da ake gina ci-gaban da gwamnatoci a duniya ke samu don hana mace-mace sakamakon nutsewa a ƙasashensu," in ji Dr Kelly Henning, wacce ke jagorantar shirin lafiyar jama'a a Bloomberg Philanthropies.

Jigon Ranar Riga-kafin Nutsewa ta Duniya na wannan shekara shi ne, "Haɗa kai don juya yanayin," yana nuna buƙatar gaggawa ta ɗaukar matakan da suka dace a tsakanin gwamnatoci, sassa, da al'ummomi. Tafiyar da ke gaba tana da tsawo, amma alƙawarin a bayyane yake.

Ga waɗanda suka tsira kamar Fatima, ruwan ba zai taɓa ba su irin wannan sha'awa ba, amma akwai fata a cikin sanin cewa wasu iyalai kaɗan ne za su jure baƙin cikin da take ɗauke da shi. A yau, ta yi amfani da raunin da ta ji a aikace, tana aiki a matsayin mai koyar da ninƙaya da kuma koyar da hanyoyin samun tsaro a ruwa a makarantun Mombasa.

"Mutuwar Amina ba ta tafi haka kawai ba," in ji ta, idanunta suna walƙiya amma sun jure.

*An canza suna don boye wace ce ita