Waye ainihin wanda ya gano 'Victoria Falls', ɗaya daga cikin manyan kwazarin ruwa a duniya

A ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba aka cika shekaru 170 tun bayan da mishan ɗan ƙasar Scotland David Livingstone ya fara ɗora idonunsa a kan gagarumin kwazarin da ke kan iyakar ƙasar Zimbabwe da Zambia, wani wuri da aka daɗe ana nazari kan wanda ya "gano" kwazarin Victoria Falls.

Shin da gaske shi ya gano kwazarin?

Kamar dai yadda aka yaba wa Christopher Columbus saboda yadda ya "gano" Amurka a ƙarni na 15, haka ma a Afrika, yankin da al’ummoni da yawa suka saba da shi kuma suke zama a cikinsa tsawon ƙarni kafin zuwan Livingstone.

Suna kiran wurin da Mosi-oa-Tunya, ma'ana "Hayaƙin da ke Tsawa".

Ya yi fice a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wuraren al’ajabi bakwai na duniya sannan Hukumar Bunƙasa Al’adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) ta sanya shi cikin jerin wuraren Tarihi na Duniya a shekarar 1989, kwazarin yana jawo miliyoyin baƙi a kowace shekara, amma ga mazauna yankin, muhimmancin wurin ya fi tsan-tsan yawon buɗe ido kawai.

Lokacin da Livingstone ya isa wurin a ranar 16 ga Nuwamban 1855, ya yi wani rubutu a mujallarsa inda ya ce "Waɗannan wurare masu kyau, tabbas mala'iku sun yi tozali a kansu a yayin tafiyarsu."

Sai dai yayin da yake mamakin tsan-tsan kyau kwazarin, mutanen da suka taba rayuwa kusa da wurin tsawon ƙarni sun sanya masa suna kuma suna ganin girma da darajarsa.

Daga baya ne Livingstone ya kafa hujjar sake mishi suna: "na yi lakari da cewa ni da Mr Oswell ne Turawan farko da suka taɓa ziyartar Zambezi a tsakiyar ƙasar... na yanke shawarar ... in yi amfani da irin 'yancin da Makololo ya yi amfani da shi wajen sanya suna ɗaya tilo ga kowane yankin na ƙasar."

Livingstone yana nufin William Cotton Oswell, wani mai bincike ɗan Birtaniya wanda ya tawo tare da shi, da kuma mutanen Makololoa na kuɗancin Afirka waɗanda suka musu jagororanci.

Don haka "Victoria Falls" wanda aka same shi daga sunan Sarauniya Victoria an sanar wa duniya duk da cewa Livingstone ya tarar da asalin sunan da ake kiran wurin.

Sanya suna, a bayyane yake, babu ɓangaranci.

Sanya suna siyasa ce, ko da kuwa an gabatar da shi a matsayin wani cikakken tsari. Akwai dabara ko fikira a cikin kowane suna,’’ a cewar mai nazarin yanayin ƙasa na siyasa Ekaterina Mikhailova.

Wa ke da ikon fayyace ganowar?

A yanzu, bikin tuni da wannan wuri ya sake tada da tambayar da aka jima ana yi na cewa wa ke da ikon fayyace ‘ganowar’ wurin, da kuma dalilin da yasa har yanzu ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren al’ajabi na duniya a Afrika yake ɗauke da sunan sarauniyar Birtaniya maimakon amfani da sunan da mutanen da suka rayu a kusa da shi tsawon ƙarni suka ba shi.

"Zamani mulkin mallaka ne, Livingstone ya yi ne don faranta wa Sarauniya Victoria rai," kamar yadda Dr Chipo Dendere, masaniyar kimiyyar siyasa kuma malamar ilimi a Zimbabwe, ta shaiwa TRT World.

"Yanayin ya shafe yawancin iko na mallaka da 'yan ƙasar ke da shi," in ji Dendere, tana mai tsokaci kan irin koma baya da al'ummomin yankin da al'adunsu na gado suka fuskanta.

Dendere ta bayyana cewa babu wani yunkuri na gwamnati a baya-baya nan na sake wa kwazarin suna, ta yi kari da cewa, ta ga yadda 'yan Zimbabwe ke kiran wurin da sunansa na asali Mosi-oa-Tunya a zantawarsu ta yau da kullun.

"Ba wai a sake wa wurin suna ba ne a hukumance," in ji ta, "amma na ga 'yan asalin ƙasar suna amfani da sunan asalin na wurin akai-akai."

Tsokacinta ya yi daidai da ra’ayoyin da ake bayyana ta kafofin sada zumunta, inda mutane suka yi ta kiran ‘‘ganowar’’ Livingstone ta ti watsi da kasancewar mutanen Lozi da Tonga da suka rayu a yankin tsawon shekaru aru-aru.

Muhawarar sake wa wurin suna, ba ta tsaya kan wata alama ba

Wani labarin masana'antar yawon bude ido na 2014 ya ruwaito cewa lokacin da jam'iyya mai mulki a Zimbabwe ta gabatar da buƙatar sake wa kwazarin suna a hukumance zuwa Mosi oa Tunya; wasu masu ruwa da tsaki a masana'antar sun yi adawa da hakan, inda suka yi nuni kan kuɗin da za akashe wajen sake sunan kana sun bayyana damuwa game da yadda masu yawon buɗe ido daga ƙasashen waje za su iya gane wurin.

Masana masu sukar sunayen wurare sun yi ja kan cewa an goge kuma an karben ikon sunayen da aka samar da su a zamanin mulkin mallaka.

Sun bayyana cewa sanya suna yana a matsayin ‘‘wani ɓangare na yadda ake samar da tsarin wata alama ko na wani abu, wanda ke aiki a matsayin hanyar daidaita ko halatta dangantakar iko mai rinjaye.’’

Ba a Keɓe ba

Ba a keɓe labarin Victoria Falls ba.

A Gabashin Afirka, wani mai bincike ɗan asalin Birtaniya John Hanning Speke ya yi wa sarauniyar Victoira kara wajen sanya wa Tafkin ‘‘Lake Victoria’’ suna a shekarar 1858, duk da haka ‘yan ƙabilar Baganda suna kiran tafkin da Nnalubaale, wanda ke nufin ‘‘Uwar alloli masu tsaro’’, yayin da ƙabilar Luo ke kiransa da Namlolwe, wanda ke nufin "tafki mara iyaka".

Asalin sunan da ake kiran Tafkin Albert da ke kan iyakar Uganda da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo shi ne Mwitanzige ("tafkin da ya cinye fara"), amma an sake masa suna bayan Yarima Albert.

Duk da haka, a tsakiyar rikicin da ke tsakanin gado da kasuwanci, akwai wasu dalilai na bege.

A can ƙasar Ostiraliya kuwa, al'ummomi 'yan asalin ƙasar sun yi ta fafutukar sauya wa wasu wurare suna, waɗanda daga cikinsu ke ɗauke da sunayen wariyar launin fata da na mulkin mallaka.

A yanzu haka, an maido da yawancin sunayen wuraren na asali.

Kazalika, a Afirka, alkiblar za ta iya zama iri ɗaya nan ba da jimawa ba.

"Zai yi wuya," a cewar Dendere, "sai dai al’ummomi na ƙoƙari sosai. Wani basarake a yankin Victoria Falls yana gudanar da rangadin bayan ziyarar da ya kai wurin don ilmantar da mutane game da abubuwan tarihi da sauran al’adun yankin. Ina ganin hakan yana da kyau sosai."

Wannan yana nuna wani mataki nda ke da tasiri wajen dawo da asalin al'adu ba tare da tashin hankali ba, ta hanyar amfani da ilimi da harshe na yau da kullun.

6 ga watan Nuwamba na iya zama ranar tunawa da lokacin da wani Bature ya sanya wa Kwanzarin Mosi-oa-Tunya suna, amma bai kamata ya ɓoye tarihin ƙasar da mutanenta da kuma yadda duniya ke tunawa da kuma kiran ɗaya daga cikin muhimman wuraren al’ajabi na duniya ba.