Wani rahoton UNICEF, WHO, Bankin Duniya, da Sashen Ƙidayar Al’umma na MDD, wanda aka saki ranar 18 ga Maris, ya ƙiyasta cewa kimanin yara miliyan 4.9 sun mutu kafin su cika shekaru biyar a 2024 a duniya, a daidai lokacin da yankewar kuɗaɗe a kiwon lafiya ta duniya ke barazanar hana binciken da ake buƙata don dakatar da waɗannan mace-mace.

Jariria sabbin haihuwa sun kai kusan rabin dukkan mace-macen, abin da ke nuna jinkirin cigaban da ake samu wajen hana mace-macen lokacin ko kusa haihuwa. Matsalolin da sukan biyo bayan haihuwa kafin lokaci, sun kawo kashi 36% na mutuwar jarirai, sai kuma matsaloli yayin naƙuda da karɓar haihuwa suka kasance kashi 21%.

Yankin Afirka Kudu da Sahara ya ɗauki kashi 58% na duk mutuwar yara ƙasa da shekaru biyar, sai Gabashin Asiya da kashi 25%, yayin da rahoton ya nuna cewa yara a wuraren da suke cikin mawuyacin hali suna da haɗarin mutuwa kusan sau uku, cewar rahoton. Waɗannan ba mutuwar cututtuka ne na musamman ko masu sarƙaƙiya ba.

A mafi yawancin lokuta ana iya hana faruwarsu, cututtuka ne da kimiyya ta riga ta fahimta kuma ta san yadda ake magance su.

Shugaban WHO, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, ya ce: 'Yara da ke rayuwa a cikin rikici da mawuyacin hali sun fi haɗarin mutuwa kusan sau uku kafin su cika shekaru biyar.'

A karon farko, rahoton ya tantance adadin mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da tsananin rashin abinci mai gina jika, yana danganta shi kai-tsaye da fiye da mutuwar yara 100,000. Masana sun ce waɗannan adadi sun nuna wani zurfi na gaskiya: rayuwar yara ba kawai ta amfani da magani ba ce, akwai kuma tsarin rayuwa bakiɗaya, daga wadatar abinci da abinci mai gina jiki, zuwa samun kulawar lafiya matakin farko da ɗaukar matakin farko da wuri.

Raguwa a cigaba

Jinkirin cigaba ma abin damuwa ne. Bayan shekaru masu yawa na samun cigaba akai-akai, yawan raguwar mace-macen yara ya sauka sosai, abin da ke nuna cewa ba wai kawai an tsaya ba ne, har ma ana iya komawa baya idan ba a ɗauki matakin gaggawa ba. Kuma a daidai lokacin da buƙatar gudanar da bincike mai haɗaka, kuma tsarin kiwon lafiya maa ɗorewa ke ƙara muhimmanci, tushen kuɗaɗen da ke tallafawa wannan aiki suna fara sauyawa.

Guguwar yanke manyan tallafin kiwon lafiya na duniya, wanda Amurka ta jagoranta kuma sauran masu bayarwa na gargajiya suka bi sahu, ya sauya yadda ake tara kuɗaɗe cikin shekarar bara, abin da masana da dama suka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya girgiza tsarin. Ga tsarin kiwon lafiya na Afirka wanda da ma ya kasance a matsanancin hali, lokaci bai kasance mai kyau ba.

Professor Nicki Tiffin, Mataimakiyar Darakta ta South African National Bioinformatics Institute, ta faɗa wa TRT Afrika cewa, “An samu babban tasiri a duniya kan bincike sakamakon yanke tallafin kiwon lafiya na gwamnatoci. Ƙarfin ilimin cibiyoyi ne yake ɓacewa. Asarar zurfin sani. Muna rasa ƙwararru daga fannin ƙirƙirar magunguna da binciken lafiya.”

Idan rashin tabbas na kuɗaɗe ya ci gaba, sakamakon da zai fara bayyana nan-da-nan zai iya kasancewa asarar sabon ƙarni na masana a Afirka, a lokacin da ake buƙatar su fiye da kowane lokaci.

Masanin kimiyyar halittu a ɓangaren magunguna daga Nijeriya, Professor Iruka Okeke, ta tabbatar da wannan damuwa, tana nuni da hulɗarta da masu bincike masu tasowa a faɗin Nijeriya.

Okeke ta gaya wa TRT Afrika cewa, “A Nijeriya, rukunin masana kimiyya na rasa masu hazaƙa cikin sauri a wani yanayi mai ban tsoro. Matasa masana da muke ɗauka suna bayyanawa a fili cewa suna shirin barin nan, ko da a farkon horonsu ne, saboda ba su iya ganin wata hanyar samun nasara a fannin kimiyya a nan wajen.”

Kwantiragin ɗan lokaci

A yawancin cibiyoyin bincike na Afirka, kuɗaɗe ba kawai suna tallafa wa ayyuka ba ne, suna rayar da mutane. Abin takaici, mafi yawan masana, ƙwararru kan fasaha da ma'aikatan fili, da waɗanda ke ɗakin bincike, sun bin diddigin ɓarkewar cututtuka, da aiki don shawo kan cututtukan da suka fi shafar yara, sun dogara ƙwarai kan tallafin gajeren lokaci don cigaba da aiki. Idan waɗannan tallafin suka ɓace, mutanen da ke tallafar kimiyya zai tarwatsewa, tare da su duka rukunan gabaɗaya.

Tiffin ta ce: 'Waɗannan masu bincike, idan sun sami wani abu mafi kyau da ya fi wadata kuma mafi ɗorewa, ba sa dawowa kuma wannan yana damun makomar binciken kimiyya a Afirka.'

Haka tsarin ke rushewa ba tare da an lura ba. Shekaru na tarin ƙwarewa, kama daga fahimtar yadda cututtuka ke bayyana a gida, da gina karɓuwa tsakanin al'umma, da kyautata matakan ceton-rai, duka suna iya ɓacewa cikin zagayowar lokaci ta rashin kuɗi. Sake ginawa ba kawai yana da tsada ba ne, har ma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, sau da yawa gomman shekaru.

Abin da Prof. Tiffin ta gani da kanta ya nuna girman ƙalubalen:

Ta koka cewa: “Ba daɗewa na samu kwantiragin shekaru goma amma fa kafin hakan na yi ta faɗi-tashi ina ƙoƙarin tara albashina da kaina. Ba ni da tsari na aikin-yi ko tsaro da ya haura na shekara biyu, idan ya yi yawa shekara uku. Hanyar aiki ce mai matuƙar saka damuwa.”

“Ina nufin, zaka ji labarai masu ban tsoro na mutane da ke kan kwantiragin da matuƙarta shi ne watanni shida ko shekara guda, sannan suna ƙoƙarin kammala aikin bincike, wannan ba zai yiwu ba.”

Masana suna gargaɗin cewa irin wannan rashin tabbas yana hana tunani na dogon lokaci. wanda shi ne tubalin cigaban kimiyya. Binciken da ke kawo sauyi a fannin lafiya sau da yawa yana ɗaukar shekaru, har ma gomman shekaru. Ba tare da tabbacin aiki ba, ana tilasta wa masu bincike dogaro kan ayyukan taƙaitattun lokuta, wanda ke raunana sabbin ƙirkire-ƙirkire da rage yawan damar samun mafita a gaba.

Daga dogaro zuwa jagoranci

Duk da wannan rashin tabbas, wani canji yana fara bayyana, mai sauƙin gani, amma mai mahimmanci. Tsarin dogon lokaci da ke sa manufofin binciken kiwon lafiya na Afirka su dogara ko ma su zama masu tasirantuwa daga samun tallafi daga waje, yanzu ana ƙara yin tambaya kan hakan.

A wani sharhi a mujallar Nature Health da wata cibiyar masana Afirka suka rubuta, ciki har da Calestous Juma Science Leadership Fellows, wanda Science for Africa Foundation suka tallafa wa, masana sun ce martanin Afirka ga rashin tabbas na kuɗaɗe ya kamata ya wuce yin suka kawai.

Jagoran marubutan sharhin, Prof Tiffin, ya ce: “Ina ganin tsarin tunaninmu a matsayinmu na masu bincike yanzu yana cancawa daga matsayin wanda abin ya same shi, zuwa ɗaukar nauyi da tsayawa tsayin daka domin kanmu.'

Wannan sauyin ba yana nufin kawar da haɗin-gwiwar duniya ba ne, amma yana nufin sake salon su ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa masana a Afirka suna tsara fifiko bisa ga halin da ake ciki a gida, da nauyin cututtuka, da gogewar rayuwa, maimakon manufofin da masu ba da tallafi suka tsara.

A cikin gundarin buƙatarsu akwai kiran gina tsarin cigaban ƙirƙirar kayayyaki mai dorewa, wanda zai wuce bincike don wallafa maƙalu, zuwa binciken da ke samar da sakamako masu ma'ana: na'urorin gano cuta, magunguna da alluran rigakafi da aka haɓaka, aka gwada, kuma aka ƙera a cikin Afirka.

Mafita da Afirka ke jagoranta

Har zuwa ƙarshen 2025 da farkon 2026, Darakta Janar na WHO, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus ya jaddada dabarunsa na tilasta ba da fifiko, sake tsara cibiyoyi, da mayar da hankali kan dogaro da kai domin warware matsali.

Ghebreyesus ya ce: “A cikin matsala akwai dama ga ƙasashe su koma daga tsarin dogaro ga tallafi zuwa dogaro da kansu don samun ɗorewa, bisa ga albarkatun cikin gida. Sabon jagorancin WHO zai taimaka wa ƙasashe su fi inganta tsarin tara kuɗ, da rarraba, da fifita amfani da kuɗaɗe don tallafawa samar da ayyukan lafiya da ke kare masu rauni.”

WHO ta ruwaito a watan Nuwamban 2025 cewa, wasu ƙasashe sun riga sun fara ɗaukar matakai masu ƙarfi don ƙarfafa tsarin lafiyarsu da kiyaye ayyuka masu muhimmanci duk da matsin lambar kasafin kuɗi.

A cewar hukumar, Kenya, Nijeriya da Afirka ta Kudu sun riga sun ware ƙarin kuɗaɗe ga lafiya, ko kuma suna kan jiran amincewar majalisa don ƙarin kasafin kuɗi.

Rahoton ya nuna cewa Nijeriya ta ƙara kasafin lafiyarta da dala miliyan 200 don sauƙaƙa tasirin ragin tallafi, tare da ƙarin kuɗaɗe da aka ware don alluran rigakafi, martani kan ɓarkewar cuta, da sauran shirye-shirye masu muhimmanci.

Ghana ma ta ɗaga iyakar harajin kayayyaki da ake warewa ga hukumar inshorar lafiya ta ƙasa (NHIS), abin da ya haifar da ƙarin kasafi na kashi 60%. Ƙasar ta kuma ƙaddamar da 'Accra Reset', wanda aka bayyana a matsayin tsari don sake tunani game da shugabancin duniya, da kuɗaɗe da haɗin gwiwa a fannin lafiya da cigaban tattalin arziƙi.

A Uganda, WHO ta ce hukumomi sun fayyace manufofi masu mayar da hankali kan haɗa ayyukan lafiya da shirye-shirye don haɓaka inganci da ɗorewar isar da ayyukan.