Ƙungiyoyin da ke ƙyamar baƙi suna ci gaba da gudanar da zanga-zanga a Afirka ta Kudu, don neman hukumomi su ɗauki ƙarin matakai kan ’yan ƙasar waje da ke ƙasar waɗanda ba su da takardun zama, da kuma neman a ƙarfafa tsaron iyakoki.

Ana kwashe baƙi daga ƙasar cikin jiragen sama da motocin bas, a wani ɓangare na matakan da ƙasashen Afirka kamar Nijeriya, Ghana, da Malawi ke ɗauka don mayar da wasu ’yan ƙasarsu gida, yayin da tsoron ƙarin tashin hankali ke ƙaruwa saboda ra’ayoyin adawa da baƙi.

March & March, wata ƙungiya da ke gaba-gaba a waɗannan zanga-zangar, ta sanya wa ’yan ƙasar waje marasa takardu wa’adin 30 ga Yuni su bar ƙasar, kodayake ba a fayyace me zai faru da waɗanda ba su bi wannan umarnin da ba na hukuma ba.

"A cikin 'yan makonnin da suka gabata an ga wani yaƙin tsoratarwa da tarzoma da aka nufa ga baƙi, da 'yan gudun hijira, da masu neman mafaka daga Afirka," in ji Alana Baranov, wadda ke jagorantar shirin kare haƙƙoƙin ’yan gudun hijira a Afirka ta Kudu, a wata hira da TRT Afrika.

"Ana gaya wa shugabannin al’ummar ’yan gudun hijira cewa za a tilasta zartar da wa’adin da ke tafe, don haka mutane suna jin tsoro su gudanar da kasuwancinsu ko su je wuraren aikinsu."

Ƙasar na ɗauke da kusan baƙi miliyan 2.4, a cewar hukumar ƙididdigar ƙasar, adadin da ta ce yana wakiltar kusan kashi 4% na jimillar yawan jama'ar ƙasar na mutum miliyan 61.4.

A shekarar da ta wuce kaɗai, hukumar kula da iyakokin ƙasar ta (BMA), ta daƙile kimanin mutane 450,000 da suka yi yunƙurin shiga Afirka ta Kudu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.

Shugaban kasa, Cyril Ramaphosa ya yi gargaɗi game da ɗaukar doka a hannu. "Jami'an gwamnati da aka ba izini ne kawai za su iya ɗaukar mataki kan karya doka, ciki har da karya dokokin shige da fice na ƙasarmu," in ji shi a wani jawabi a talabijin ranar Lahadi.

Afirka ta Kudu ƙasa ce mai ƙarfin tattalin arziƙi a Kudancin Afirka, tare da GDP mafi girma fiye da na maƙwabtanta duka, a wata kimantawa.

Wannan matsayi ya daɗe yana jawo hankalin baƙi daga duk yankin, tun lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata a rabin farko na ƙarni na 20.

"Hijirar ta fara ne a zamanin mulkin mallaka, saboda damar aikin a wuraren haƙar ma'adinai da gonaki. Mutane daga Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mozambique, Zambia, Angola - duk sun tafi can," in ji Musa Kika, lauya mai kula da kundin tsarin mulki daga Zimbabwe, a hira da TRT Afrika.

Muhimmi ga tattalin arziƙi

‘yan ci-rani sun kasance wani muhimmin ginshiƙi ga tattalin arziƙin Afirka ta Kudu. "Ba a samu hamayya daga gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ba saboda suna buƙatar ma'aikata."

Bayan ƙarewar mulkin wariya na Apaertheid na ‘yan tsiraru farare a 1994, tsarin hijira ya ci gaba da kasancewa iri ɗaya.

Sabon shugabanci na ƙasar ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar African National Congress (ANC) ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin ginshikin kwanciyar hankali, kuma ya yi alƙawarin wadata yankin.

Duk da haka, a shekarun da suka biyo baya, ƙasashe maƙwabta kamar Zimbabwe sun shiga matsalolin siyasa da tattalin arziƙi wani dallili da ya tilastawa ‘yan ƙasar yin ƙaura zuwa Afrika ta Kudu.

Amsa daga Pretoria ta kasance matakin iyakancewa, a wani ɓangare saboda abin da wasu masana ke kira “nuna haɗin-kai da tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin 'yanci” waɗanda ke mulki a waɗancan ƙasashen.

Masana sun ce irin wannan tallafi da son yin "diflomasiyya mai taushi" tare da maƙwabta ya taimaka wajen ƙara wahalar magance matsalar shiga ƙasa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.

"Mun fara ganin ’yan ci-rani da masu neman mafakar tattalin arziƙi da na siyasa suna shigowa Afirka ta Kudu, kuma hakan ya ci gaba har zuwa 2009. A lokacin ne matsalar adawa da ’yan ci-rani ta fara," in ji bayanin Kika.

Wasu masu fafutuka da kuma masana sun ce sabuwar yaɗuwar masu wannan ra'ayin na adawa da baƙi na da alaƙa da damuwa game da girman rashin aikin-yi, lalacewar ayyukan jama'a, da zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi da za a yi a watan Nuwamba.

Wasu ƙananan jam'iyyu sun daidaita saƙonninsu don haɗa kansu da waɗannan damuwa, domin samun tagomashi.

‘Yan siyasa daga jam'iyya mai mulki ta ANC sun yi maganar "halastacciyar damuwa" ta 'yan Afirka ta Kudu game da nauyin da baƙi marasa takardu ke jefa wa cibiyoyin ayyukan jama'a.

"Shige da fice ba tare da takardu ba yana sanya illa kan lafiyar jama'a, gidaje da ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi, musamman a cikin al'ummomi talakawa," in ji Ramaphosa a watan da ya gabata.

Ya lura cewa wasu 'yan Afirka ta Kudu "na yin haɗa baki da haramtattun baƙi wajen sayar da gidajen da gwamnati ke tallafawa, ko karɓar cin hanci don sauƙaƙa hanyar samun ayyukan jinƙai."

Duk da haka, akwai damuwar cewa ’yan ci-rani suna zama ƙaramar katanga don huce haushi, maimakon magance tushen matsalolin da ke damun Afirka ta Kudu.

"Akwai yanayin da idan wani abu bai tafi daidai a ƙasa ba, akan zargin ’yan ci-rani da ’yan gudun hijira. Muna fatan za a samu matakin kariya ga jin-daɗin ’yan ci-rani," in ji Innocent Mugambi, mai fafutuka kan haƙƙin 'yan gudun hijira daga Malawi, a wata hira da TRT Afrika.

Ɗaruruwan 'yan ci-rani sun bar gidajensu kuma sun kafa sansani a wajen ofisoshin gwamnati, suna nuna tsoron game da rayukansu, bayan rahotannin tsoratarwa a baƙin ƙofofinsu. Wasu sun ce suna so gwamnatocinsu su taimaka musu su koma gida.

Masu fafutuka sun ce masu amfani da kafafen sada zumunta sun ƙara yaɗa bayanai marasa tushe da kamfen na ƙiyayya, ciki har da raba hotuna da adireshin gidajen shugabannin al'ummomi baƙi, tare da kiran a kai musu hari.

"Muna ganin bidiyo na mutane suna rayuwa a cikin ciyayi. Muna fatan gwamnati za ta gano inda suke ɓuya kuma ta tabbatar rayuwarsu ba cikin haɗari take ba, kuma sauran abubuwa za a iya warware su yayin da mutane ke cikin aminci," in ji Innocent Mugambi, mai kare haƙƙoƙin 'yan gudun hijira a Malawi.

A ranar Lahadi, Shugaba Ramaphosa ya ce hukumomi ba za su bari a tsoratar da 'yan ƙasar waje ko a tada zaune-tsaye ba. Ya ce ƙungiyoyi masu iƙirarin mulki ne kawai ke da iko na doka, kan su yi aiki kan masu karya doka, ciki har da na shige da fice.

Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ƙi bayyana abin da ke faruwa a matsayin ƙiyayya ga baƙi (xenophobia), tana cewa hijira babban batu ne a Afirka gabaɗaya wanda ya kamata a magance shi ta hanyar haɗin-kai da bin tsari.

Duk da haka, zanga-zangar adawa da 'yan ci-ranita ci gaba, inda masu zanga-zangar ke kira ga ma'aikata da su kori ma'aikatan ƙasashen waje da suke cewa suna riƙe da ayyuka da ya kamata ’yan Afirka ta Kudu su riƙe.

"Gabaɗaya mun ji daɗin cewa shugaban ƙasa ya yi Allah-wadai da tashin hankalin, amma yanzu muna buƙatar ganin mataki a fili. Wannan saƙon ya kamata ya isa ga jami'an gwamnati; ya kamata ya isa ga 'yan sanda su ɗauki matakin daƙile tarzoma da kuma samar da aminci ga 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka," in ji Baranov.