Abin da ya fara a matsayin wani ƙaramin shiri a Turkiyya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Emine Erdoğan kusan shekaru goma da suka wuce, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manya da kuma gwagwarmaya masu tasiri a kan muhalli a duniya.

A ranar Litinin, yayin da ƙasashe a duk faɗin duniya ke tunawa da ranar Shirin Kawar da Shara ta Duniya ta International Day of Zero Waste a karo na huɗu, Turkiyya tana tsakiyar wani canji na duniya game da yadda bil'adama ke kula da tsarin sarrafa shara.

An ƙaddamar da Shirin Zero Waste a shekarar 2017 ƙarƙashin kulawar Emine Erdoğan — wadda ita ce Shugabar Gidauniyar Zero Waste kuma Shugabar Kwamitin Shawara a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Shirin Kawar da Shara — tun daga lokacin ya ƙara bunƙasa daga wani shiri na sake amfani a cikin gida zuwa wata ƙa'ida ta duniya da aka amince da ita.

Tunawa na wannan shekarar, wandda Hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta New York ta tsara tare da gudanarwa a lokaci guda daga ofisoshin dindindin na Turkiyya a Geneva, Nairobi, Paris, Brussels, Rome, London, Berlin, Vienna, Baku da sauran wurare, ya mayar da hankalin ga bolar abinci da kuma shugabancin Turkiyya a COP31.

Tun ƙaddamar da shirin a 2017, Turkiyya ta sake sarrafa shara ton miliyan 90 zuwa cikin tattalin arziki, wanda ya samar da ƙimar tattalin arziki ta lira biliyan 365 na Turkiyya.

Matakin aikin sake sarrafa abubuwa na ƙasar ya ƙaru daga kashi 13 cikin ɗari a 2017 zuwa kashi 37.53 cikin ɗari a 2025, inda ake sa ran ya kai kashi 60 cikin ɗari nan da 2035 da kuma kashi 70 cikin ɗari nan 2053.

Masu sharhi suna mamaki kan girman wannan ci gaba.

Klaus Jurgens, mai nazarin siyasa kuma ƙwararre kan dabarun sadarwa, ya ce: “A halin yanzu Turkiyya na aiwatar da Shirin Zero Waste, wanda Uwargidan shugaban ƙasa Emine Erdoğan ta ƙaddamar, kuma fagen aikin ya wuce rage shara kawai… ceton makamashi ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na ajandar.'

“Burinsu babba ne: shi ne ya kai kashi 60 cikin ɗari na matakin sake sarrafa shara nan 2035, adana makamashi da ruwa a gidaje fiye da miliyan 50, da kuma rage iskar hayaki mai gurbata muhalli — kowanne yanzu babban reshe ne na shirin,” in ji Jurgens ga TRT World.

Illa ga muhalli da ake gudu ita ma wata abu ce: adana makamashi da ya yi daidai da bukatun wutar lantarki na gidaje miliyan 54 a shekara, adadin ruwan da aka adana ya yi daidai da amfani na tsawon shekaru biyu na Istanbul, da kuma hana fitar ton miliyan 180 na hayaki mai gurɓata muhalli, wanda kusan ya yi daidai da cire motoci miliyan 36 daga hanya na tsawon shekara guda.

Gwagwarmaya ta duniya

Tafiyar zuwa samun karɓuwa a duniya kanta ta kasance wani muhimmin mataki na diflomasiyya.

A ranar 14 ga Disamban 2022, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta amince da wani ƙuduri da Turkiyya ta gabatar wanda ƙasashe 105 suka goyi baya, inda ta ayyana a hukumance 30 ga Maris a matsayin Kawar da Shara ta Duniya.

A lokacin tunawa da ranar a karon farko a 2023, Erdoğan ta yi jawabi a wani zaman na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda ta zama Uwargidan shugaban ƙasa ta Turkiyya ta farko da ta yi magana daga dandalin Majalisar.

A wannan zaman ne Sakatare Janar na MDD, Antonio Guterres, ya sanar da kafa Kwamitin Shawara na babban mataki na MDD kan Kawar da Shara kuma ya gayyaci Erdoğan da kanta ta jagorance shi.

Ta amince, kuma an kafa kwamitin a hukumance a ranar 12 ga Afrilun 2023, inda aka haɗa mambobi daga Amurka, Indiya, Brazil, Morocco, Belgium, Netherlands, Chile, Colombia, Bangladesh da Saliyo tare da manyan shugabannin UN.

Taron su na biyar an gudanar da shi a Istanbul a watan Oktoba na 2025, a cikin tsarin ƙaddamar da Shirin Kawar da Shiri na Duniya a karo na biyar. Wannan taron na kwanaki uku ya jawo wakilai daga ƙasashe fiye da 100 da fiye da masu jawabi 60 da kuma cibiyoyi 118.

“Tare da zuwan COP31 zuwa Antalya a ƙarshen wannan shekarar, Turkiyya na da dama ta gina abin da Azerbaijan ta nuna a COP29, kan cewa tarukan sauyin yanayi za su iya samar da sakamako mai ma'ana. Turkiyya za ta ƙara ƙoƙari fiye da haka, ta kafa ƙa'idoji ba wai ga yankin kawai ba har ma ga duniya,' in ji Jurgens.

“Ta hanyar sanya COP31 a matsayin babban mataki ga makamashi mai tsabta da matakan muhalli, Turkiyya za ta samu sabbin abokan hulɗa a duniya kuma ta fitar da ƙwarewar aikinta a wannan fanni,” kamar yadda ya ƙara da cewa.

Kara wayar da kan jama'a

A cikin gida, wannan gwagwarmaya ta riga ta kutsa a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum ta Turkiyya.

Fiye da gine-gine 217,000 da makarantu karatu sun ɗauki tsarin Zero Waste. Har ila yau, tare da horar da mutane miliyan 28 ƙarƙashin shirin Zero Waste, aikin ya kasance kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a kamar yadda yake na muhalli.

Wani tsarin tattara shara da kaita na ƙasa, wanda aka ƙaddamar a matsayin gwaji a JanairuN 2025, ya riga ya faɗaɗa zuwa larduna 53, inda aka mayar da kayayyakin shara fiye da miliyan 12.5 miliyan ta injinan karɓar shara 834.

Ƙasar ta zama ta uku a duniya a 2025, inda aka kafa tutoci masu launin shuɗi 577 abin da ke nuna daidai da manufar Zero Waste Blue, shirin da ke da manufar tsaftace teku.

“Zero Waste ba za ta kasance tatsuniya ba, nan ba da jimawa ba za ta kasance gaskiya,” in ji Jurgens.

Aikin ya kuma samu yabo a matakin duniya sau bakwai, inda ya karɓi kyaututtuka daga FAO, UNDP, UN-Habitat, Bankin Duniya, Majalisar Dokoki ta Bahar Rum da kuma, a kwanan nan a 2026, ƙungiyar Green Organisation.

Nasarar wannan gwagwarmaya tana cikin sadarwa kamar yadda take cikin manufofi, in ji Jurgens.

“Yin ƙoƙarin kare muhalli ba wai kawai batun ƙirƙirar dokoki ba ne, har ma batun bayyana dalilan waɗannan dokoki da matakan manufofi ga talakawa,” kamar yadda Jurgens ya faɗa wa TRT World, a gefen taron kolin Stratcom na biyar a Istanbul.

“Idan masu zaɓe da jama'a ba a sanar da su ba kuma an bar su a cikin duhu, akwai yiyuwar matakan da gwamnati da ’yan kasuwa suka yi niyya mai kyau za su wuce ba a lura da su ba.”

Shugaba Recep Tayyip Erdoğan shi ne na farko da ya sanya hannu kan Shedar Kyakkyawan Niyya ta Global Zero Waste Declaration of Good Will.

A yau, fiye da masu sa kai 438,000 daga ƙasashe 131 sun sanya sunayensu ta hanyar dandalin yanar gizo, tare da ƙarin fiye da matan shugabnnin ƙasashe 50 da manyan wakilan ƙungiyoyi na duniya.

Daga kwandon sake sarrafa shara a zauren gwamnati zuwa wani ƙuduri a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wadda hakan shaida ce ta tafiyar Turkiyya ta Zero Waste za ta iya jawo sauyin muhalli ya fara daga gida ta hanyar kyakkyawan jagoranci zuwa duniya.