Daga cikin dubban abubuwan da ɗan’adam ya ƙera a sararin samaniya akwai Tesla mai launin ja na Elon Musk, wanda tiriloniya na farko a duniya ya ƙaddamar a ranar 6 ga Fabrairun 2018.

Da wani butum-butumi da aka yi wa lakabi da "Starman" wanda aka ɗaure a kan kujerar direba, da kuma na’urar sauti da aka sanya ajje aka kunna wakokin "Space Oddity" da "Life on Mars?" na David Bowie, inda Musk ya aika da motarsa ​​zuwa sararin samaniya a matsayin gwajin tallatawa ga kumbon farko na Falcon Heavy kirar kamfanin SpaceX.

Masana kimiyya sun ce motar za ta ci gaba da yawo a sararin samaniya na tsawon "dubban shekaru" kafin ta faɗa cikin Duniyarmu ko duniyar Venus.

Motar ta Musk na ɗaya daga cikin dubban abubuwan da ɗan adam ya ƙera - waɗanda ake kira "tarkacen sararin samaniya" waɗanda galibi suka ƙunshi fankon kumbo da ƙarfe - waɗanda yanzu ke zama a sararin samaniya da babu kowa tare da rundunar tauraron ɗan adam da ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri.

Cunkoson da ya haifar ya janyo matsalolin aiki waɗanda ke sanya kayayyakin more rayuwa na sararin samaniya cikin hatsarin karo da juna.

Tarkacen sararin samaniya na tafiya da sauri har zuwa kilomita takwas a daƙiƙa. Bayan rabuwa da tauraron ɗan adam ko kumbo, suna ci gaba da tafiya a daidai wannan gudu ba tare da rasa ƙarfinsu ba idan babu wata tangarda daga iska.

Matsalar tana ƙara yin muni kowace rana yayin da a cikin shekaru masu zuwa kamfanoni kamar SpaceX ke shirin tura ƙarin jiragen sama miliyan guda, gami da cibiyoyin tattara bayanai masu amfani da hasken rana.

Masana sun ce mummunan hatsarin matsalar a sararin samaniya ba wai a baki yake kawai ba a yanzu.

Dalilin ba rashin sani ba ne. A zahiri rashin wata hanya ta ƙasa da ƙasa - tare da ikon kafa dokoki da tabbatar da aiwatarwa - shi ne ke sa barazanar hatsarin karo ta zama gaskiya, in ji su.

John L Crassidis, Farfesa Jami’ar Injiniyanci da Kimiyya da ke aiki tare da NASA da sauran hukumomi don sa ido kan tarkacen sararin samaniya, ya shaida wa TRT World cewa hatsarin yiwuwar karo mummuna na ƙaruwa da sauri yayin da manyan taurari ke faɗaɗa.

"Gwargwadon yawan abubuwan da muka sanya a sararin samaniya, gwargwadon girman karon da za a iya samu," in ji shi.

Hatsarin da zai faru tsakanin tarkacen sararin samaniya da tauraron dan adam ba wai kawai zai lalata tauraron dan adam ba ne, har da kawo dubban gutsartsarin tarkace masu gudu da sauri da ka iya lalata sauran taurarin dan adam ko jiragen sama.

Jonathan C McDowell, wani mai sharhi kan dorewar sararin samaniya wanda ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Astrophysics ta Harvard-Smithsonian tsawon shekaru 38, ya ce masu tsara taurarin dan adam na aiki tukuru don tabbatar da guje wa samun karo.

"Duk da haka, hatsarin tabbas ne, kuma ina tsammanin karon zai fara faruwa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa," ya shaida wa TRT World.

Rubuce-Rubucen da aka yi na kimiyya da sararin samaniya sun bayyana karuwar kwararar jiragen ruwa na mintuna na ƙarshe yayin da manyan taurari ke cike mafi girman tsaunuka a sararin samaniya.

Tauraron dan adam na SpaceX samdurin Starlink kadai ya yi manubar kaucewa yin karo har sau 355,000 a cikin shekara guda.

Yana nufin kowane tauraron dan adam dole ne ya kauce wa tarkace da sauran jiragen sama a "kusan mako-mako" a cikin tsawon shekara guda.

Experts have warned that proposed mega-constellations can lead to the Kessler syndrome, a hypothetical scenario in which repeated collisions generate so much space debris that entire orbital regions become unusable.

Crassidis describes how the present warning system works.

Kwararru sun yi gargadin cewa manyan taurarin da aka shirya harba wa sama na iya haifar da cutar Kessler, wani yanayi na kirdado wanda akai-akai ke haifar da tarkace mai yawa na sararin samaniya wanda dukkan yankunan kewayen duniya ba za su iya amfani da shi ba.

Crassidis ya bayyana yadda tsarin gargaɗin yake aik ayanzui.

"A halin yanzu, muna bin diddigin abubuwa kusan 54,000 waɗanda girmansu ya kai cm 10 ko fiye," in ji shi. Masu aiki suna ƙididdige yiwuwar karo "tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan abubuwa biyu".

"Idan damar ta fi ɗaya cikin 10,000, to za mu kira ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin tauraron ɗan adam mu gaya musu su ƙaura don guje wa haɗarin da zai iya faruwa.

"(Mai kafa SpaceX Elon) Musk ya rage hakan zuwa ɗaya cikin 1,000, kuma ana loda wannan bayanin kai tsaye zuwa tauraron ɗan adam na Starlink, waɗanda ke motsawa ta atomatik," in ji shi.

"A zahiri suna motsawa sosai kowace rana don guje wa tarkace," in ji Crassidis.

"Idan an yi abubuwa da kyau, to za a iya rage haɗarin matsaloli tare da manyan taurari," in ji shi.

Amma hakan yana da tsada sosai.

Masu aikin tauraron dan adam sun riga sun kashe dala biliyan 2 a shekara don gujewa karo-karo "da za a iya samu".

Me zai iya faruwa idan tauraron dan adam miliyan daya na cibiyar bayanai suna gudanar da biliyoyin kauce wa karo kowace shekara - wani yanayi mai tsauri wanda yake da alama yana yiwuwa idan aka yi la'akari da girman fadada sabbin taurari?

Crassidis ya nuna kalubalen da ke da alaƙa da mai.

"Akwai karancin mai a kowane tauraron dan adam," in ji shi.

Masu aiki za su buƙaci ko dai su samar wa tauraron dan adam da ƙarin mai, wanda zai yi tsada, ko kuma su fuskanci yiwuwar karo da yawa, in ji shi.

A cewar McDowell, sararin samaniya na iya zama wurin da Kessler ke mayar da martani, inda karo ke ƙara zama ruwan dare.

"A ƙarshe, ayyukan sararin samaniya, waɗanda yanzu suke da muhimmanci a cikin tattalin arzikinmu sun fara lalacewa," in ji shi.

Babu wata hukuma guda ta shawo kan lamarin

Ko da karo sau ɗaya saboda sauri a sararin samaniya zai iya haifar da babban gajimare na tarkace wanda ya ƙunshi dubban gutsuttsura masu illa ga kayayyakin more rayuwa na sararin samaniya.

Misali, karon da ya afku a 2009 tsakanin tauraron dan adam mai aiki na Iridium-33 da kuma Kosmos-2251 da ya lalace ya samar da tarkace sama da guda 1,800 waɗanda suka kai girman 10cm ko fiye da haka.

Duk da haka, masana kimiyya ba wai kawai sun farka daga barazanar gaggawa da ke tattare da hatsarin sararin samaniya ba ne. Bayan haka, mutane sun daɗe suna aika tauraron dan adam zuwa sararin samaniya.

Duk da haka, babu wata hukuma ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke kula da zirga-zirgar sararin samaniya da kula da tarkace.

Crassidis ya ɗora alhakin rashin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasashen duniya.

"Matsalar ita ce a halin yanzu ba mu da wata yarjejeniya ta zamani tsakanin ƙasashe," in ji shi.

Amurka da ƙawayenta sun ƙirƙiri ƙa'idoji da ke kula da zirga-zirgar sararin samaniya da tarkace, "amma ba duk ƙasashe a duniya ke bin su ba".

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kuma fitar da ka’idoji a shekarar 2010, wadanda aka sabunta a shekarar 2024. Waɗannan takardun na da muhimmanci, amma ba su isar ba.

"Muna buƙatar shugabanni su haɗu don samar da waɗannan ka’idoji a cikin yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa da dukkan ƙasashe za su yi aiki da su," in ji shi.

McDowell ya ce akwai matsala a cikin tsarin doka da ke akwai a ƙarƙashin inuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Yarjejeniyar Sararin Samaniya na kula da ayyukan sararin samaniyar a ƙarƙashin Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Amfani da Sararin Samaniya cikin yanayin Zaman Lafiya (COPUOS), in ji shi.

"Amma COPUOS yana aiki bisa ga yarjejeniya, kuma yana da wuya a iya yin komai, musamman a wannan zamanin da wasu ƙasashe ke adawa da yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa," in ji shi.

Yarjejeniyar Sararin Samaniya ta kasance ginshiƙin dokar sararin samaniya, yayin da ka’idojin rage tarkace na COPUOS suke bisa zabin aiki da su.

Hukumomin kula na ƙasashe na iya cin tarar wadanda suka ba wa lasisi. Amma ba za su iya tilasta wa ma'aikaci na ƙasashen waje, ko ƙasar da ba ta taɓa ɗaukar irin wannan nauyi ba kan su bi waɗannan dokokin cikin sauƙi.

Crassidis ya ba da misali da yadda tilasta bin doka yake idan masu kula da harkokin ƙasa suka zaɓi ɗaukar mataki a kan kamfanonin cikin gida.

A ranar 2 ga Oktoban 2023, Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya ta Amurka (FCC) ta ci Dish Network tarar dala $150,000 bayan da man tauraron ɗan adam na EchoStar-7 ya "kare ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya bar shi a nisan kilomita 160 daga zagayen da aka amince da shi".

"Muna buƙatar wata hukumar ƙasa da ƙasa don aiwatar da dokoki da kuma hukunta duk waɗanda suka karya ƙa'idoji," in ji shi.

FCC da kanta ta bayyana sulhun a matsayin matakin farko na aiwatar da ɓarna asararin samaniya.

McDowell ya ce dole ne wata hukumar kasa da kasa ta sami ikon aiki da ake buƙata don gyara abin da ya lalace a cikin tabbatar da bn doka da oda a sararin samaniya.

"Muna buƙatar su iya fayyace ƙa'idojin aikin: wanene ke motsawa, a wanne lokacin, nawa kuke buƙata daga sauran zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, da sauransu - kamar yadda ake kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a yau," in ji shi.