A lokuta da dama, kungiyoyi kan yi waiwaye kan abubuwan da suka yi a baya domin ya zame musu izina na abun da zai faru nan gaba.
Kungiyar raya tattalin arziki da dimokuradiyya ta kasashen Yammacin Afirka 15, ECOWAS na cikin tsananin tashin hankalin rigingimun da suka dabaibaye ta, bayan shafe gwamman shekaru da kafuwa.
Duk da dakatarwa da kuma takunkuman da aka kakaba wa kasashe mambobin kungiyar uku sakamakon jerin juyin mulkin da suka faru tun shekarar 2020, sai ga shi a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli Nijar ma ta bi sahu, inda sojoji suka hambarar da mulkin farar hula.
Barazanar da aka yi ta amfani da karfin soji don mayar da hambararren shugaban kasar Mohamed Bazoum ta dasa ayoyin tambayoyi a kan hanyoyin da ECOWAS ke bi wajen warware rikicin, da ma batun makomar kungiyar.
Fiye da wata guda kenan da ake ta cacar-baki tsakanin ECOWAS da sojojin da suka yi juyin mulki a Nijar, sai dai babu wani babban tasiri da hakan ya yi.
ECOWAS na son a saki tsohon shugaban kasar Bazoum da iyalansa, tare da mayar da shi kan muki, sannan kuma sojojin su koma bariki. Bayan watsi da bukatun da sojojin juyin mulkin suka yi, ga alama kuma karfinsu na sake karuwa a kowace rana.
Kusan wata biyu bayan juyin mulkin da ya zama na biyar a tarihin Nijar, barazanar amfani da karfin sojin da Kungiyar ECOWAS ta yi, ta bude kofar tofa albarkacin bakin mutane da dama da ke cewa an fi bukatar mafitar diflomasiyya ta hanyar sasantawa.
Dakarun ko-ta-kwana
A yayin da rikicin Nijar ke ci gaba da ta'azzara, ga alama an kusa kure hakurin ECOWAS. Tuni kungiyar ta bayyana aniyarta ta amfani da dakarunta da ke cikin shirin ko-ta-kwana a nan gaba idan har aka samu wani sauyin da ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki a daya daga cikin ƙasashe mambobinta.
Rundunar ko-ta-kwana na kungiyar ECOWAS wani shiri ne na yankin da aka samar don mayar da martani da gaggawa kan duk wata matsala ko wani rikici a Yammacin Afirka.
An ƙirƙiri rundunar ne a lokacin rikicin ƙasashen Saliyo da Laberiya fiye da shekara 20 da suka wuce, wacce ta hada da dakaru daga kowace ƙasa ta ECOWAS, kuma a shirye take a tura ta idan har buƙatar hakan ta taso.
Duk da dai an san ƙudurinta na daukar nauyin matsalolin tsaro da samar da zaman lafiya a yankin, an samu rarrabuwar kawuna a shirin nata na tura dakaru Nijar. Makwabtan Nijar irin su Mali da Burkina Faso sun nuna goyon bayan juyin mulkin sosai tare da nuna adawa da shigar ECOWAS din cikin lamarin.
A karshen makon da ya gabata, kasashen uku sun ƙaddamar da wata kungiya da suka saka wa suna Ƙungiyar Kawancin Kasashen Sahel, wacce suka ƙirƙira don tabbatar da tsaro da tattalin arzikinsu.
Adjaratou Wakha Aïdara Ndiaye, babbar darakta ta wata kungiya Partners West Africa da ke Senegal, ta ce martanin ECOWAS, musamman kan batun yiwuwar tura dakarun ko-ta-kwana, "na sanya fargabar kar ya zame mata koma baya" saboda ganin yadda ƙasashen Mali da Burkina Faso da Guinea suka yi nasara a juyin mulkin.
A cewar Ndiaye, wannan fargabar na karuwa saboda ƙiyayyar ƙasashen Yamma da ake nunawa a yankin, "wacce ita ce sakamakon tashin hankalin da matasa ke gani ba a waɗannan ƙasashen ba kawai, har ma a illahirin ƙasashe rainon Faransa a Afirka ta Yamma."
Ta yi nuni da cewa matsaloli irin su rashin aikin yi da cin hanci da matsalar tattalin arziki da rikice-rikice da kuma rashin shugabanci nagari na ta'azzara matsalar.
"Dukkan waɗannan matsaloli da matasan da suka kammala karatu ke fuskanta na daga cikin abubuwan da sojojin da ke yin juyin mulkin suke dogara da su a matsayin hujja," in ji ta.
Zubewar ƙima
Wani shugaban 'yan kasuwa a Ivory Coast Stanislas Zézé, ya yi amannar cewa al'amura sun sha wa ECOWAS kai sosai ta yadda ba ta iya fahimtar sauye-sauyen da ake samu a bangaren tatalin arziki da siyasa, da ke nuna alamar abin da ya kira "juyin-juya halin tattalin arziki da siyasa."
Sannan kuma akwai masu ganin cewa kungiyar ba ta yin abubuwa bisa muradun kasashe mambobinta.
"Waɗannan ƙasashen da aka yi juyi mulki (Mali da Guinea da Burkina Faso da kuma Nijar) sun fara tambayar ko akwai buƙatar su ci gaba da zama a wannan hadakar. Idan suka janye, a ganina, hakan tamkar koma baya ne," Zézé ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Masanin tattalin arzikin kuma mai sharhi na jin cewa ECOWAS ta yi gaggawar ɗaukar mataki a kan Nijar, "tana motsa ƙwanjinta da yawa" har ta kai ga bin matakin sasantawa da sojojin na Niamey ya yi wahala.
Ndiaye na ganin kamar irin abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan a Yammacin Asiya ne suke faruwa a "rikicin ECOWAS."
Ta ce kungiyar, wacce ta rikiɗe daga maƙasudin kafa ta wato tattalin arziki zuwa siyasa, ana ta samun saɓani da ita a nahiyar, inda ake yawan alaƙanta ta da "ƙungiyar shugabannin kasashe," ana mantawa da ainihin mutanen da ake mulka ɗin.
Wasu na magana a kan zubewar ƙimarta, yayin da wasu ke cewa duk wani mataki na ci gaban ƙungiyar yana cikin matsala.
"Ta tuna min da Kungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta farko wato League of Nations, wacce aka yi mata garanbawul ta dawo Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya," in ji Ndiaye. "Ina ga a yanzu dai ECOWAS tana wasarere da mutuncinta."
Wasu bangarori na al'ummar Nijar sun goyi bayan juyin mulkin, amma kusan duk wanda ke ciki da wajen ƙasar na yin tambaya kan matakin da ake bi don fita daga rikicin.
Ba a gano dalilan juyin mulkin ba
Zézé ya jaddada cewa babu wasu gamsassun amsoshin kan tambayar dalilan da ke jawo juyin mulki, da kuma yadda za a daƙile ci gaba da faruwarsu.
"Kusan kowa yana Allah wadai da juyin mulki, amma babu wanda zai iya fadin dalilin da ya sa suke faruwa, kuma babu mai neman sanin dalilan da ke jawo su wajen tattauna hakan da kuma yin muhawara a kai," ya ce.
Mafi yawancin ƙasashen yankin Sahel sun fuskanci ko suna fuskantar yanayi na rashin ɗorewar dimokuraɗiyya da juyin mulkin soji da rikice-rikice tun bayan samun ƴancin kansu gomman shekaru da suka wuce.
Waɗannan matsaloli sun raunana cibiyoyin ƙasashen tare da ƙirƙirar giɓi a sha'anin mulki da kuma daƙile ci gaban tattalin arziki.
Yankin Sahel na fama da tsananin talauci da rashin aikin yi da rashin samun ilimi da kiwon lafiya. Rashin ci gaban tattalin arziki ma na cikin abubuwan da ke ta'azzara matsalolin.
"ECOWAS ba ta taɓa shirya wani taro da za a tattauna kan dalilan da ke jawo juyin mulkin ba. Me yake jawo shi? Ta yaya za a kare faruwarsa? Maimakon mu tsaya neman mafita idan sun faru, ai gara a nemi yadda za a hana faruwar tasu," in ji Zézé.
A ko yaushe ECOWAS na cewa ta dage wajen karfafa dimokuraɗiyya a yankin.
Sai dai kuma, mai sharhin ɗan ƙasar Ivory Coast na fatan fara muhawara kan dalilian da suka sa ake ta samun juyin mulki a yankin zai sa shugabannin ECOWAS su fahimci cewa akwai buƙatar yin gyaran fuska a tsarin siyasar da suka zaɓa, idan ba haka ba lamarin zai yi ta munana.
