Daga Hamzah Rifaat
A 1994, "Al'ummar duniya ce ta ba mu kunya, ko dai saboda raini ko saboda tsoro."
Wannan kalaman na Shugaban Rwanda Paul Kagame ne yayin da yake jawabi ga mahalarta taro da shuwagabannin duniya a birnin Kigali don tunawa da shekaru 30 da Kisan Ƙare-Dangi na Rwanda, a wannan watan.
Jawabin Kagame sun fito da gazawar da duniya ta yi wajen ɗaukar mataki kan mafi munin lokaci a tarihi, lokacin da laifuka kan bil adama suka janyo kusan mutane 800,000 suka hallaka a ƙasar Rwanda.
Wannan kashe-kashen da kuma bikin tunawa da shi da ya gudana a Ɗakin Tunawa da Kisan Ƙare-dangi na Kigali yana tuna mana cewa dole a kaucewa maimaita irin abin da ya faru a wancan lokacin. Don tabbatar da hakan, akwai buƙatar ɗaukar mataki kan sabuban da ke haddasa kisan ƙare-dangi, wanda ke da nasaba da gabar ƙabilanci, da rarrabuwar kai da rashin haƙuri da juna.
Shekaru 30 baya
A 1994, tushen kisan ya faro ne daga yaƙin basasan Rwanda, wanda ya biyo bayan tunzurin ƙabilanci tsakanin ƙabila mai rinjaye, Hutu, da mara rinjaye, Tutsi, saboda tsawon shekaru na rabuwar kai wajen neman mulkin siyasa da kafa gwamnati.
A shekarar 1962, an maye gurbin masarautar Tutsi da Jumhuriyar Hutu. Lokacin da suna gudun hijira a Uganda, 'yan Tutsi sun kafa ƙungiyar Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) sannan suka mamaye Arewacin Rwanda a 1990.
Shekara huɗu bayan nan, an zargi RPF da kashe Shugaban ƙasa na Hutu Juvenal Habyarimana a 1994, duk da ba a tabbatar da asalin dalilin haɗarin jirgin saman da ya kashe shi ba.
Mutuwar Habyarimana ta janyo watsuwar kashe-kashe, inda sojojin Hutu da 'yan sanda da masu ɗauke da makamai suka far wa 'yan Tutsi, da 'yan Hutu masu sassauci da shugabannin siyasa. Mutane 800,000 aka kashe sannan kusan mata 250,000 to 500,000 ne aka ci zarafinsu ta lalata.
Don tunawa da shekaru 30 da kisan, Rwanda ta gudanar da alhinin mako guda. Shugabannin duniya da suka halarci taron don taya su jimami a Kigali sun haɗa da tsohon Shugaban Amurka Bill Clinton, wanda ya amsa cewa kisan shi ne mafi girman gazawar gwamnatinsa.
Yawan mace-macen, da rasa matsuguni, da rushe-rushe da kisan kiyashi a Rwanda shi ne ya sa yunƙurin hana faruwar kisan ƙare-dangi ya kamata ya zama cikin ran mutane, kuma ya wajaba ya shiga cikin darusan makaranta da na shugabanci.
Don kaucewa irin wannan gazawa, yana da muhimmanci ga al'ummar duniya ta magance sabubba da tushen da ke haifar da irin waɗannan aƙidu.
Fahimtar kisan ƙare-dangi
Dokar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hanawa da Hukunta Laifukan Kisan Ƙare-dangi ta fayyace ma'anar kisan ƙare-dangi da "kowane ɗaya cikin biyar na aikin da aka yi da niyyar lalatawa, kan ɓangare ko duka al'ummar ƙasa ko ta addini, ko ƙabila, ko launin fata."
Laifin ya haɗa da kashe mambobin wata ƙungiya, yin sanadin lahanta tunani, matsanta wa rayuwar waɗanda ake hari, hana haihuwa da amfani da ƙarfi wajen ɗauke yare daga wata ƙabila.
A yau, alamu sun nuna cewa Musulmai a Myanmar, waɗanda ake kira da Rohingya, suna fuskantar ainahin wannan nau'in na kisan ƙare-dangi. Zuwa yanzu, aƙalla mutane 25,000 aka kashe a rikicin, wanda ya janyo ƙasar Gambia ta shigar da ƙara a Kotun Duniya a shekarar 2022.
Hare-hare ba ƙaƙƙautawa da Isra'ila take kan tsiraru da ke ƙarƙashin mamaya a Gaza ta Falasiɗinu zai iya zama kisan ƙare-dangi, a cewar Jakada ta Musamman ta MDD kan yankunan Falasɗinu da aka mamaye, Francesca Albanese.
Idan mun dawo kan kisan kiyashin Rwanda, akwai darasi da dama da al'ummar duniya za ta ɗauka don kaucewa cigaba da shan wahala ta al'ummar Myanmar, da Falasɗinu da sauran ƙasashe.
Matsawa tsiraru
Alal misali, kisan na Rwanda wani shahararren misali ne na yadda ƙabila mai rinjaye ke nufatar ƙabilar tsiraru don cimma buƙatun zalunci.
Wannan ya samu tallafi daga rashin hukunta nuna tsana da gaba da ke yaɗuwa tsakanin al'umma, wanda shi ya taimaka wa ta'azzarar tunzuri da yiwuwar ɓarkewar rikici. A lura cewa salon farfaganda abu ne da gwamnatin Hutu ta yi amfani da shi sosai don nuna halascin kisan ƙare-dangin kan al'ummar Tutsi da masu tallafa musu.
Yayin da ba a faye ganin kalaman nuna tsana da gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyin yi ba a wannan shekarun, ana ganin farfaganda kan tsirarun ƙabilu ko mabiya addini cikin al'umma a wasu ƙasashen.
Ga misali, gwamnatin Firaministan Indiya Narendra Modi ta aiwatar da taron da aka nuna kalaman tsana kan Musulmi sau biyu duk rana, a shekarar 2023, cewar wani bincike na cibiyar India Hate Lab da ke Washington DC. Cibiyar ta ƙara da cewa kaso 68 cikinsu ya faru ne a jihohin da jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata Party ke jagoranta ne.
Gwamnatin ta jam'iyyar BJP ba ta mara baya ga kisan ƙare-dangi kan Musulmai tsiraru na Indiya, kamar yadda aka gani a lamarin ƙabialr Hutu da suka far ma 'yan Tutsi a Rwanda.
Sai dai salon kalaman tsana abu ne da ke faruwa a idon Firaministan wanda ake wa kallon mai hannu a rikicin 2002 na zanga-zangar Gujarat, inda aƙalla mutane 1,000 yawancinsu Muslims, suka hallaka. Cibiyar Genocide Watch ta bayyana rikicin na kwanaki uku a matsayin faɗan ƙare-dangi.
Rashin aniyar siyasa
Aikin ba ya shafi sani ya kamata ba ne kawai. Gazawa wajen magance dalilan da ke kawo tsana da rabuwar kai, wanda ke haifar da kisan ƙare-dangi shi ma ya saɓa wa manyan manufofin Yarjejeniyar 1948 ta Hanawa da Hukunta Laifukan Kisan Ƙare-dangi wadda aka ƙirƙira bayan Yaƙin DUniya na 2.
A batun Rwanda, Trayyar Afirka ba za ta iay wanke kanta daga gazawa ba, haka ma abokanta daga Faransa waɗanda suka gaza dakatar da kisan, sakamakon abin da Shugaba Emmanuel Macron ya kira da rashin aniyar siyasa.
Gaskiyar lamarin ita ce alhakin na kan ƙasashen duniya kan gaza hana faruwar kisan da ke da manufar cimma takamaimiyar ƙabila da ta sha wahala sakamakon hare-hare daga gwamnati.
Abu na ƙarshe ta aka yi amfani da shi wajen kisan ƙare-dangi shi ne lokacin da ƙungiya mai rinjaye take ƙoƙarin musanta shirinsu na bufar ƙabilar tsiraru, kamar yadda gwamnatin Firaminista Benjamin Netanyahu ta yi a yanzu a Falasɗinu.
Ta amfani da kalaman nuna tsana, da ƙasƙantarwa da tsoratarwa, an cire wa Falasɗinawa mutuntakarsu a idon yawan mutane cikin al'ummar duniya, ta yadda ba a ganin cancantar a cece su.
Zahirin cewa yanzu haka kisan ƙare-dangi na gudana a Gaza bayan na 1994 a Rwanda, wani misali ne na yadda duniya ba ta ɗauki darasi daga tarihi ba. Ya wajaba al'ummar duniya ta ɗauki batu kamar na mummunan mulkin masu rinjaye, da zuzuta tsana, da bambancin ƙablia da ƙasƙanta wata al'umma da ware wasu mutane.
Babban abin da az mu yi don tunawa da waɗanda aka zalunta a kisan ƙare-dangin Rwanda shi ne mu fito mu bayyana zaluncin ƙasashe, da sanya takunkumi kan ƙasashe kamar Isra'ila, sannan mu gina duniya mai yafiya, da tafiya tare da haɗin kan al'umma.
Marubucin, Hamzah Rifaat, ya samu digiri kan Zaman Lafiya, da Magance Rikici daga Islamabad, Pakistan, da digiri kan Batutuwan Duniya da Diflomaciyya daga Cibiyar Bandaranaike Diplomatic Training Institute a Colombo, Sri Lanka. Hamzah ya kasance fellow na South Asian Voices Visiting Fellow a cibiyar Stimson Center a birnin Washington, DC a 2016.
Togaciya: Ra'ayoyin da marubucin ya bayyanana ba sa wakiltar ra'ayi, fahimta, ko manufofin idtocin TRT Afrika.
