Tsawon ƙarni huɗu, Daular usmaniyya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Biranen Musulunci Masu Tsarki.

Madina—inda Annabi Muhammad ya rayu, ya yi jagoranci, kuma aka binne shi—nan ne sansanin tsarki na ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin kariyar Daular Usmaniyya. Kariyar birnin a ƙarƙashin gwamnan Daular Usmaniyya Fahreddin Pasha ta ci gaba da kasancewa, har zuwa yau, shaida ce ta aminci da sadaukarwar ƙasar Turkiyya ga Musulunci da biranen Musulmi masu tsarki.

An haife shi a shekarar 1868 a Ruse, Bulgaria ta yanzu, Fahreddin Pasha da iyalinsa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Istanbul lokacin da yake ɗan shekara goma.

Asali an sanya masa suna Omer, kuma daga baya ya ɗauki 'Turkkan' a matsayin sunan danginsa yayin da ya samu shuhura a matsayin sojan Daular Usmaniyya bayan ya kammala Kwalejin Sojoji a 1888 da Kwalejin Tsaro ta ƙwararru a 1891.

Ya shahara a Yaƙin Balkan kuma, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ya jagoranci Rundunar Sojoji ta 12 a Mosul.

Duk da haka, makomarsa ba ta kasance a fagen daga a Turai ba, sai da a hamadar Hejaz.

A 1916, bayanan sirri sun bayyana cewa Sharif Hussain mai mulki a Makka, ya cim ma yarjejeniya cikin sirri da Birtaniya kuma yana shirin yin bore.

A lokacin an sani sarai cewa Turawan Birtaniya suna aiki don kifar da Daular Usmaniyya kuma sun yi wa Sharif alƙawarin ƙasar Larabawa da ba ta karkashin ikon mulkin Usmaniyya.

An aika Fahreddin Pasha zuwa Madina a ranar 28 ga Mayun shekarar 1916, don kare birnin. Tawayen ya ɓarke ​​bayan 'yan kwanaki: layukan telegraph da hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa sun lalace, kuma sojojin 'yan tawaye sun kai hari kan sansanonin Daular Usmaniyya.

Amma dakarun Pasha sun ci gaba da matsa wa.

Sojojin Daular Usmaniyya 15,000 karkashin Fahreddin Pasha ba su kai yawan rundunar 'yan tawaye su 50,000 ba, amma ya kai farmaki kan abokan gaba - yana kai farmaki da sauri kuma yana cin nasara a yaƙe-yaƙe da dama.

Da aka katse hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki, ƙabilun kauyawa Larabawa sai suka koma biyayya ga Sharif Hussein, Madina ta zama tsibirin tirjiya.

Ko da yake faɗuwar Jeddah, Makka, da Taif ta bar Madina a ware, Pasha da jaruman sojoji sun tabbatar da cewa birnin mai tsarki ya kasance ƙarƙashin tutar Daular Usmaniyya. 'Yan Birtaniya sun yi wa birnin lakabi da Damisar Hamada.

Jami'in leƙen asiri na Birtaniya TE Lawrence, wanda daga baya aka fi sani da Lawrence na Larabawa, ya jagoranta da kuma kula da zagon kasa kan layin dogo wanda ya ware birnin gaba ɗaya.

Ko da yake an yaudari wasu 'yan asalin ƙasar su goyi bayan Birtaniya, yawancin ƙabilun sun kasance masu biyayya ga kwamandan Daular Usmaniyya.

Kare Madina - shekaru biyu da watanni bakwai na kawanya, yunwa, talauci, da cututtuka - ya zama ɗaya daga cikin jarumtaka ta ƙarshe ta Daular Usmaniyya.

Pasha ya ma taba kwatanta fari da "benu marar fika-fikai" don sojojinsa na Turkiyya su gamsu su cinye su kamar jama’ar yankin, saboda tsoron yunwa.

Sadaukarwa da kaunar Madina

Bayan juriya irin ta soja, abin da Fahreddin Pasha ya yi fice da shi a Madina shi ne sadaukar da lokaci ga ibada, aminci da kuma ƙaunarsa ga Annabi (SAW).

Farfesa Suleyman Beyoglu daga Jami'ar Yeditepe da ke Istanbul kuma marubucin littafin Kare Madina da Fahreddin Pasha ya yi, ya yi nuni ga wani abin mamaki na 1919 na Galip Ata Atac, babban likitan asibitocin Madina, wanda ya yi karin haske ga tsananin girmamawar Fahreddin Pasha ga Madina.

“Kulawa da sadaukarwar da ya nuna wa Harami Mai tsarki ba a taba ganinta ga wani daban ba”, Farfesa Beyoglu ya shaida wa TRT World, yana mai nuni ga ɗaya daga cikin wurare uku mafi tsarki a Musulunci, wanda ke Madina.

"A ƙarƙashin kulawar Pasha mai kyau, Haram al-Sharif ya sami sabon haske, ko da a fannin kayan aiki."

Duk da cewa yana jagorantar wani yanki da aka yi wa kawanya, ya gaji, an kewaye shi, kuma an keɓe shi, Pasha bai taɓa yin watsi da tsarkin Masallacin Annabi ba.

"Duk da nauyin da ke kansa, babu wata rana da za ta wuce da ya kasa kula da girmamawar da ake bai wa Ɗakin Mai Tsarki ba. Duk lokacin da ake wanke Ɗakin Annabi, Fahreddin Pasha da kansa yake shiga cikin aikin."

Wannan girmamawa ta zo a wani lokaci wanda tun daga zamanin ta zama abin tuna wa na ƙasar Turkiyya.

"A ranar ƙarshe ta yaƙin Madina, lokacin da aka sauke shi daga mulki, Fahreddin Pasha ya sake koma wa ga Haram al-Sharif... kuma daga nan ne aka ɗauke shi da ƙarfi."

Farfesa Beyoglu ya jaddada cewa kare Madina ba wai kawai yaƙi ne ga gwamnan Daular Usmaniyya ba - amana ce mai tsarki ga Pasha, wanda ya ƙi ba wa Birtaniya damar shiga ƙasar mai tsarki da kabarin annabi.

Kin mika wuya

Ko bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta Mudros a ranar 30 ga Oktoban 1918, wadda ta umarci dukkan rundunonin Daular Usmaniyya su mika wuya, Fahreddin Pasha ya ƙi yin hakan.

Pasha ya ci gaba da kare birnin na tsawon kwanaki 72. A ƙarshe an tsare shi a ranar 10 ga Janairun 1919, sannan Birtaniya ta fara kai shi Masar, sannan ta kai shi Malta na tsawon shekaru biyu, inda ya ƙi cire wa kayan sojan Daular Usmaniyya.

Kotu ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa, amma matsin lamba daga Turkiyya ya sa aka sake shi a watan Afrilun 1921.

Manufa da aka dabbaƙa da karamci

Bayan halartar tarukan siyasa a Moscow, Fahreddin Pasha ya koma Turkiyya a lokacin gwagwarmayar ƙasa ta Turkiyya.

A ranar 9 ga Nuwamban 1921, Majalisar Dokokin Turkiyya ta naɗa shi jakada a Kabul. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙarfafa dangantakar Turkiyya da Afghanistan kafin ya yi ritaya a matsayin babban janar a 1936.

Ya rasu a ranar 22 ga Nuwamban 1948.

"Kariwar Fahreddin Pasha ga Madina ta fi ƙarfin matsayin soja. Wannan abu shi ne bayyanannun shekaru ɗari huɗu na Daular Usmaniyya ta yi a matsayin masu tsaron birane masu tsarki - kuma manune ga girmamawar da al'ummar Turkiyya ke yi wa wurin da aka saukar da Musulunci," in ji Farfesa Beyoglu.

Sunansa ba wai kawai ya samu wajen zama a tarihin soja ba ne, har ma a cikin tunanin ruhin mutane.

Ya kasance kwamanda wanda, ko da a cikin lokutan yaƙi mafi tsanani, ya yi wa kabarin Annabi da birni mai tsarki hidima ba kawai da takobinsa ba, har ma da zuciyarsa da ruhinsa.

Rubutun da aka yi a jikin kabarinsa yana nuna akidarsa - 'Jarumin kare Madina'.