“Na gano shi! Na gano shi! Kaɓakin zinare!” in ji Big Jim McKay a cikin shahararren fim ɗin Charlie Chaplin na 1925 mai suna The Gold Rush, yayin da yake riƙe da wani dunƙulen zinare da ke wuyar samu da ya fi dunƙulen hannayensa girma.

Dunƙulen zinaren wanda babban arziki ne dukiya, bai amsa tambayar da ke zuciyar masu kallo ba cewa: shin ɗan dunƙulen da bai fi hannu ba zai iya kawo tsaro da daraja kamar dutsen gaske?

Amurka yanzu tana cikin irin wannan yanayi – tana murnar yarjejeniyar samo albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja daga Ukraine, wanda a rubuce ya yi kama da mai kyau.

Amma kamar dunƙulen zinaren na Big Jim, wannan ma na iya zama alama fiye da ainihi. Akwai albarkatun ƙasa, amma tsofaffi, marasa tabbas, kuma suna da haɗari wajen samu, musamman a cikin yankin da ake fama da yaƙi.

Wata guda da ya gabata, Amurka ta yi yunƙurin gaske na farko a cikin fafutukar samun albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja, bayan wani abin ban mamaki na neman sayen ƙasar Greenland, ta hanyar sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da Ukraine.

Ga dalilin: An yi ƙiyasin cewa Ukraine na da tan miliyan 5 na waɗannan albarkatu, wanda ya ninka adadin albarkatun Amurka sau uku, sai dai duk da haka har yanzu bai kai matsayin yawan wanda China ta mamaye ba.

Wadannan alkaluma kuma sun dogara ne a kan binciken tsohon zamanin Soviet, inda wurare da yawa za su iya zama masu tsada sosai don haƙa don samun riba.

Yarjejeniyar ta bai wa Amurka fifiko wajen samun damar ma'adinai da makamashi a nan gaba a Ukraine, amma ba iko ba, kuma ba tasiri nan take ba.

A gefe guda, yarjejeniyar ba ta tsaya kan albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja kawai ba. Ta haɗa da fiye da albarkatu 55, ciki har da man fetur da iskar gas.

Rasha har yanzu tana rike da yawancin yankunan da ke da albarkatu masu yawa a Ukraine. Haƙa ta cikin rami yana da haɗari ga masu saka jari kamar yadda neman zinare a cikin filin nakiyoyi yake.

Kafin Amurka ta iya fatan samun wani Mountain Pass – ma'adinan California wanda har yanzu shi ne tushen albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja na cikin gida kawai – tana iya buƙatar wani abu kusa da shirin Marshall na biyu, inda ilimin ƙasa da siyasa ke haɗuwa.

China ta riga ta yi gaba

China, a halin yanzu, tana yin shiru amma tana bin matakai na hikima a wannan wasan rububin albarkatun.

Nan da shekarar 2029, kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja da ake tsammanin za a samu daga Afirka za su kasance a hannun kamfanonin China.

Kamfanonin da Beijing ke tallafawa suna da manyan hannun jari a wurare masu muhimmanci kamar Ngualla na Tanzania, Songwe Hill na Malawi, da Makuutu na Uganda—inda ake jigilar kayan zuwa China don sarrafawa.

Amma Afirka ba ita ce kawai abin da suka mayar da hankali ba. China tana kuma gina “ajiyar” albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja a Asiya ta Tsakiya.

A watan Afrilu na 2025, Kazakhstan ta sanar da gano tan miliyan 20 a yankin Karaganda, wanda ya sa ta zama mai riƙe da mafi girma na uku a duniya a rubuce.

Kwanaki kaɗan kafin haka, East Hope Group na China ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 12 don gina babban wurin sarrafa albarkatun a can.

A makwabta, Kyrgyzstan ta ba da haƙƙin haƙa ma'adinan Kutessay ga wani kamfani na China. A musayar fasaha da saka hannun jari da ake buƙata, China ta ƙara wata muhimmiyar tsayuwa a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki na Asiya ta Tsakiya.

Greenland: Waje mai muhimmanci na gwagwarmayar

Wani muhimmin waje a faftukar neman albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja na duniya shi ne Greenland wanda yake sanya Beijing, Washington, da Brussels cikin damuwa.

Akwai manyan ayyuka uku na albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja a can waɗanda ke tsakanin diflomasiyyar albarkatu da ikon muhalli.

Beijing ta yi ƙoƙarin “shiga” ta hanyar hannun jari, haɗin gwiwa, da tayin saye. Amma dokokin cikin gida, matsin lamba daga EU da Amurka, da kuma musamman dokar 2021 da ta hana haɗin haƙar uranium sun hana waɗannan ƙoƙarin.

A takaice, Greenland ba ta kai matsayin “lokacin Big Jim” ba tukuna. Amma iska daga Arctic na iya sake fasalin wasan albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja na duniya.

A halin yanzu, China tana jiran lokaci, tana riƙe da ƙananan hannun jari a ƙarƙashin dabarar “jira a gani”; Washington tana ƙara matsin lamba; kuma Brussels tana gina ababen more rayuwa.

Türkiye: Ƙasar da ke tasowa a fafutukar albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja

Yayin da Washington ke manne wa albarkatun da ba su da tabbas a yankunan da ake rikici kuma Beijing ke tabbatar da sarkar samar da kayayyaki daga Afirka zuwa Asiya ta Tsakiya, wata juyin juya hali mai shiru na gudana a Turkiyya—wanda zai iya sake fasalin tsarin albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja na duniya.

Rahoton da aka fitar kwanan nan na National Intelligence Academy (NIA) ya tabbatar da cewa yankin Eskişehir/Beylikova na Turkiyya yana da ton miliyan 694 na albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja – na biyu kawai ga ma'adinan Bayan Obo na Mongolia na China. Wannan ba zato ba ne—tabbataccen ƙarfin ne.

Turkiyya ta riga ta ƙaddamar da wani wurin samar da tan 10,000 na gwaji, kuma burinta na haɓaka zuwa ton 570,000 na ƙarfin tacewa a shekara yana sanya ta a hanya madaidaiciya don zama ginshiƙi mara shakka na REE na Turai kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa marasa alaƙa da China a duniya.

A takaice, Turkiyya ba kawai tana ƙoƙarin cim ma ba—tana kan gaba. Tare da manyan albarkatu, tasirin yanki, da sha'awar duniya da ke ƙaruwa, tana shirye ta zama babbar ƙasa mai muhimmanci a fafatawar albarkatun ƙasa masu daraja—ba a matsayin madadin China ba, amma a matsayin ginshiƙi mai muhimmanci da kanta.

Togaciya: Ra'ayoyin da marubucin ya bayyana ba lallai ne su nuna ra'ayoyi, fahimta da manufofin edita na TRT Afrika ba.