Fiye da shekara ɗari kafin Isra'ila ta aikata ɗaya daga mafiya munin kisan kare-dangi a wannan zamani a Gaza, ƙasashen Turai masu mulkin mallaka sun taɓa yunƙurin tura Yahudawa nahiyar Afirka wadda suke kallo a matsayin mallakinsu.

A shekarar 1903, Birtaniya ta ba da shawarar ware wani babban yanki a inda yanzu ake kira yammacin Kenya a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta ga Yahudawa, wanda ya fi girman yankin da aka ware a shekarar 1947 ƙarƙashin shirin raba ƙasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don ƙirƙirar Isra'ila.

Wannan shirin, wanda aka raɗa wa suna bisa kusukue a matsayin “shirin Uganda” saboda wurin da aka tsara yana kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa tsakanin Kenya-Uganda, ya kusa sauya tarihin nahiyoyi biyu.

Joseph Chamberlain, sakataren mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a lokacin, ya yi tunanin samar da matsugunni ga Yahudawan Turai da ke gudun tsangwama a ƙasar da aka kwace daga mutanen Nandi a cikin filayen Uasin Gishu masu albarka a Gabashin Afirka.

Bayan dawowa daga wani rangadi a jirgin ƙasa a wannan yanki a farkon shekarun 1900, Chamberlain ya gabatar da wannan tayin ga ɗan jarida kuma lauya daga Austria Hungary, Theodor Herzl, wanda aka san shi da zama jagoran yunƙurin tsanaini kishin Yahudawa a siyasance a wannan zamani.

Burtaniya ta bayyana wannan yanki mai tsafta da yanayi mai kyau a matsayin wanda ya dace da mutane fararen fata, tana kuma nuna kamanninsa da wasu sassan Ingila.

Sare Şanlı, ƙwararriya kan batun zaman Yahudawa a Afirka, ta ƙaryata ra'ayin cewa wannan shirin ya samo asali ne daga jinƙai.

“Shirin na 1903 ya kasance na ‘mafaka ƙarƙashin kariyar Birtaniya’ ba kuma ‘Ƙasar Alkawari’ ba. Ya kamata a kalli wannan shirin a matsayin dabarar Birtaniya don karkatar da hijirar Yahudawa daga Turai. Amma ba za a iya cewa wannan shi ne zaɓin farko na masu tsanin kishin Yahudawa ba,” in ji ta ga TRT Afrika.

Duk da haka, ga al'ummomin yankin Uasin Gishu da za a ƙwace musu ƙasar kakanninsu, Herzl bai amince da shirin da Chamberlain ya gabatar ba. Hankalinsa ya ci gaba da kasancewa kan Falasdinu.

Tarihi na iya sauyawa sosai idan da Chamberlain ya yi nasara wajen kafa wata ƙasa ta Yahudawa a Afirka, in ji Joseph Boit, wani masanin tarihin Kenya daga wannan yanki.

“Ina za mu kasance, mu mutanen Nandi? Kuma Yahudawa za su zama sabbin masu mulkin mallaka?” Boit ya tambaya.

A nasa ɓangaren, Herzl ya nemi Sultan Abdul Hamid II na Daular Usmaniyya a shekarar 1896, inda aka bayar da rahoton cewa ya yi masa tayin fam miliyan 20 don samun izini mamaye Falasdinu. Duk da damar samun damun biyan bashin da ake bin daular Usmaniyya a lokacin, Sultan ya ƙi amincewa da wannan tayin nan take.

“Herzl ya juya zuwa ga Birtaniya kuma ya ba da shawarar Cyprus ko Sinai a Masar. Amma aka ƙi. Sai aka kawo shirin Uganda,” in ji Şanlı.

Shirin na Gabashin Afirka ya samu karɓuwa ne kawai bayan rikicin Kishinev na Afrilu 1903 a Moldova, inda aka kashe Yahudawa da dama. Amma har wannan bala'in bai iya haɗa yunƙurin fafutukar kafa ƙasar Yahudawa ƙarƙashin tayin Birtaniya ba.

Tsarin da aka shirya

‘Yan asalin yankin Uasin Gishu mai albarkar yabanya, wanda kuma ake ɗaukansa a matsayin ɗaya daga inda suke samarwa Kenya abinci, kuma yankin da Shugaba William Ruto ya fito, ba su da wata masaniya kan shirin da yunƙurin ƙaƙaba musu ba bayana an tattauna bayan an tattauna batun a manyan birane masu nisa da su.

A ƙarƙashin shirin na Birtaniya, ƙasar Yahudawa da aka tsara za ta yi aiki da cin gashin kanta ƙarƙashin majalisa da zaɓaɓɓen wakili. Wannan majalisar za ta kula da ababen more rayuwa, ilimi, da kuma 'yan sanda na gida, duk ƙarƙashin kulawar mulkin mallakar Birtaniya.

Amma ‘yan Birtaniya da suka samu matsugunni a Gabashin Afirma tuni suka ƙaddamar da zanga-zanga da dama. Jaridu na gida sun wallafa maƙaloli masu zafi suna gargaɗin kan shirin “Jewganda”. Taron da shugabannin waɗanda suka samu matsugunnin suka a Nairobi ya yi barazanar tashin hankali idan aka ci gaba da shirin.

Herzl ya shafe watanni yana tattaunawa kafin ya gabatar da “mafaka ta Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta a Gabashin Afirka ƙarƙashin kulawar Birtaniya” ga majalisar masu zifin kishin kafa ƙasar Yahudawa a watan Agustan 1903. Amma bai san wannan shirin zai raba tarwatsa ƙungiyar ba.

“Mambobin majalisar sun ƙi amincewa da shirin Uganda, suna fifita Falasdinu a matsayin ƙasarsu,” in ji Dr Serhat Orakçı na Ofishin Tsare-tsare a Jami’ar Haliç a Istanbul.

Duk da cewa wasu a cikin masu tsare-tsare a ƙungiyar suna ganin Gabashin Afirka a matsayin mafaka ta wucin-gadi, waɗanda ke kan gaba a tafiyar ƙungiyar ta masu fafutukar ƙafa ƙasar Yahudawa ba su amince da shirn ba.

“Ta yaya za su karɓi wani yanki na ƙasa a Afirka alhali fatansu shi ne wani waje mai tsarki a Binin Ƙudus? Zuwa shekarar 1905, shirin ya rushe,” in ji Şanlı.

Shirin da aka daɗe ana yi

Shirin Uganda ya zo kafin sanarwar Balfour ta 1917 da ta yi alkawarin kafa “wata ƙasa ta Yahudawa” a Falasdinu. Amma har wannan alƙawarin bai kawo ƙarshen neman ƙasar Afirka don kafa ƙasar Yahudawa ba.

“An yi maganar Angola, amma Portugal, mai mulkin mallaka a can, ta ƙi. An tattauna shirin Madagascar a shekarun 1930, amma aka ga ba zai yiwu ba. A shekarar 1944, an kawo Habasha a matsayin zaɓi, amma Sarki Haile Selassie ya ƙi wannan tayin duk da cewa Habasha tana da al'ummar Yahudawa, da aka fi sani Beta Israel,” in ji Şanlı.

“Don haka, a kowane yanayi, shirin ya rushe saboda dalilai daban-daban. Wani lokaci, Yahudanwa sun ƙi shi. A wasu lokuta, masu mulkin mallaka sun soke shi. A batun Habasha, ƙasar mai cin gashin kanta ta ce a'a.”

Tun bayan harin Hamas na 7 ga Oktoba a Isra'ila, Firayminista Benjamin Netanyahu bai ɓoye niyyarsa ta aiwatar da tsabtace kawar da Falasɗinawa daga Gaza ba da sunan ramuwar gayya kan ƙungiyar ta Falasdinawa.

Ana tattaunawa a kan wasu ƙasashen Afirka, ciki har da Sudan, da Somaliya, da Sudan ta Kudu da Uganda, a matsayin wuraren da za a iya kai Falasɗinawa da aka kora, duk da cewa gwamnatocin waɗannan ƙasashe sun musanta wani abu a hukumance game da waɗannan shawarwarin.

Wasu ministoci masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a gwamnatin Netanyahu sun ƙarfafa irin waɗannan maganganu, suna buƙatar a kori Falasdinawa don ba da damar faɗaɗa matsugunnen Yahudawa a Gaza.

Tarihi na maimaita kansa

Masana sun ce wannan tsari yana nuna wata dabi'a ta mulkin mallaka mai ɗorewa na ɗaukar Afirka a matsayin ƙasar da ba ta kowa ba ta mutane da ba a so.

“Fiye da shekaru 100 da suka gabata, an ɗauki Afirka a matsayin wurin da Yahudawa za su iya zama. Yanzu, muna jin shawarwari na aika Falasdinawa can. A bayyane take cewa wannan tunanin yana ci gaba, na tarihin da ke maimaita kansa. Ga Turai a bayan, yanzu kuma ga Isra'ila, sau da yawa ana kallon Afirka a matsayin wurin da suke aika mutanen da ba sa so,” in ji Şanlı.

“Waɗannan shawarwarin suna nuna mana abubuwa da dama game da Turai da Isra'ila fiye da yadda suke nuna mana game da Afirka.”

Wata masaniya a Afirka ta Kudu, Jo Bluen, wadda ta kasance cikin masana 800 da suka sanya hannu kan wata wasiƙa a watan Nuwamba 2023 da ta bayyana ayyukan Isra'ila a matsayin kisan kare-dangi, ta ba da shawara ƙasashen Afirka su ɗauki matakai masu ƙarfi kan Isra'ila.

Ta ba da shawarar yanke dangantakar diflomasiyya, da rufe ofisoshin jakadanci da kuma dakatar da kasuwanci. “Rufe ofishin jakadanci shi ne mafi ƙarancin abin da za a iya yi. Bai kamata mu kasance tare da masu aikata kisan kare-dangi ba a cikinmu,” in ji Jo. “Me ya sa waɗannan mutane za su ma sami ofisoshin jakadanci a ƙasashen Afirka?”